{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:22:24Z","timestamp":1774527744701,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), and transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) are modern techniques that now play a crucial role in the treatment of colorectal lesions. ESD is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure that allows for the resection of lesions of any size in a single piece, with clear advantages regarding oncological outcomes and recurrences. However, it is a complex technique, requiring high endoscopic skills, expertise, and specialized training, with higher rates of adverse events expected compared with EMR. EMR is another endoscopic technique used to remove superficial gastrointestinal tumors, particularly those that are limited to the mucosal layer. It is a faster and more accessible procedure, with fewer adverse events, although it only allows for an en-bloc resection of lesions measuring 15\u201320 mm. TAMIS is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to remove rectal tumors, involving the insertion of a single-port device through the anus, allowing for a better visualization and removal of the tumor with minimal disruption. This article reviews the current applications and evidence regarding these techniques, in search for the most adequate treatment for the removal of lesions in the rectum and anorectal junction, as these locations possess distinct characteristics that demand a more specific approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T21:21:46Z","timestamp":1689801706000},"page":"4777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection, Endoscopic Mucosal Resection, and Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery for the Management of Rectal and Anorectal Lesions: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9387-9872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0614-0576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Santos-Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, University of Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310912","article-title":"Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality","volume":"66","author":"Arnold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2022.02.022","article-title":"Comparison of the morphology and histopathology of large nonpedunculated colorectal polyps in the rectum and colon: Implications for endoscopic treatment","volume":"96","author":"Cronin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastrointest. 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