{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:29:15Z","timestamp":1760149755289,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The abnormal neural control of atria has been considered one of the mechanisms of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) pathogenesis. The baroreceptor reflex has an important role in cardiovascular regulation and may serve as an index of autonomic function. This study aimed to analyze the baroreceptor reflex\u2019s role in heart rate regulation during upright tilt (HUT) in patients with lone PAF. The study included 68 patients with lone PAF and 34 healthy individuals who underwent baroreflex assessment. Parameters such as baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), number of systolic blood pressure (BP) ramps, and the baroreflex effectiveness index (BEI) were evaluated. The study found that PAF patients had comparable resting BPs and heart rates (HRs) to healthy individuals. However, unlike healthy individuals, PAF patients showed a sustained increase in BP with an upright posture followed by the delayed activation of the baroreceptor function with a blunted HR response and lower BEI values. This indicates a pronounced baroreflex impairment in PAF patients, even at rest. Our data suggest that together with BRS, BEI could be used as a marker of autonomic dysfunction in PAF patients, making it important to further investigate its relationship with AF recurrence after ablation and its involvement in cardiovascular autonomic remodeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12185857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:11:18Z","timestamp":1694423478000},"page":"5857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Orthostatic Stress and Baroreflex Sensitivity: A Window into Autonomic Dysfunction in Lone Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7066-7770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina and Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa\u2014CCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2169-4024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Laranjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology Unit, Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central\u2014CHULC, 1150-199 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology Unit, Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central\u2014CHULC, 1150-199 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Geraldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina and Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa\u2014CCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology Unit, Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central\u2014CHULC, 1150-199 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina and Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa\u2014CCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(96)90288-4","article-title":"Secular trends in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation: The Framingham Study","volume":"131","author":"Wolf","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. 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