{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T02:51:35Z","timestamp":1774493495090,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This clinical study aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of intraoral periapical radiography (PR) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting external apical root resorption (EARR) in orthodontic patients during the retention phase. Methods: The research involved 41 Caucasian patients who had undergone comprehensive orthodontic treatment, with a total of 328 teeth analyzed. The Kappa values for inter- and intra-examiner agreement were high for both PR and CBCT, indicating a robust level of agreement among examiners. The study used a four-point scale for classifying EARR. Results: This study showed comparable accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity between PR and CBCT when using the most stringent criterion of \u201cDefinitely present\u201d. The data suggested that CBCT outperformed PR when using a less stringent criterion (\u201cDefinitely present\u201d or \u201cProbably present\u201d), particularly for maxillary incisors. However, overall diagnostic performance, as measured by the area under the ROC curve, showed only a slight advantage for CBCT over PR. Areas under the ROC curve range between 0.85 and 0.90 for PR and between 0.89 and 0.92 for CBCT. According to DeLong\u2019s test, there is no evidence to conclude that the area under the ROC curve is different for PR and CBCT. Conclusions: Both PR and CBCT are accurate diagnostic tools for identifying EARR, with PR being deemed more suitable for routine clinical use due to its cost-effectiveness and lower radiation exposure. The findings emphasize the importance of considering the risk-benefit ratio when deciding on imaging modalities for monitoring EARR in orthodontic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T08:34:35Z","timestamp":1708590875000},"page":"1248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Diagnostic Accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Radiography for Detecting Apical Root Resorption in Retention Phase of Orthodontic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2409-5748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia A.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2477-1857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Corte-Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Forensic Dentistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5790-3310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8237-3086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Lavado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Asset Management and System Engineering (RCM2+), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2865-9689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Miguel","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.2319\/061916-481.1","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomography versus periapical radiograph for diagnosing external root resorption: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Yi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2319\/050512-372.1","article-title":"Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiography for detecting simulated apical root resorption","volume":"83","author":"Ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feller, L., Khammissa, R.A.G., Thomadakis, G., Fourie, J., and Lemmer, J. 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