{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:56:30Z","timestamp":1760144190302,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES","award":["51NF40-185901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51NF40-185901"]}]},{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","award":["51NF40-185901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51NF40-185901"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To examine the longitudinal association between frailty criteria and depression (DEP) in a large sample of older Europeans using decision tree models, and to examine complex relationships between frailty criteria and DEP symptomatology. Methods: Data come from waves six and eight of the Population Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. DEP was assessed using the EURO-D scale (wave 8) and frailty (wave 6). We included 27,122 people (56.9% women), aged 50 or over. Results: Women indicated a higher rate of DEP (29.0%), as well as a higher prevalence of pre-frailty (21.6%) and frailty (10.8%) than men. For both sexes, fatigue, weight loss, and slowness indicated an increased chance of DEP 5 years later. MPA (moderate physical activity) and grip strength were considered longitudinally protective factors for DEP. The highest prevalence of DEP symptomatology 5 years later was 50.3%, pointing to those with fatigue and slowness. Among women, the highest incidence of DEP was 66.8%, identified through fatigue, slowness, and low MPA. Conclusions: Strategies to reduce frailty and DEP in older European adults may include the creation of policies that encourage the promotion of physical capacity to reach MPA levels, as well as an improvement in muscular strength.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13061697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T09:32:30Z","timestamp":1710495150000},"page":"1697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Longitudinal Association between Multiple Frailty Criteria and Depressive Symptomatology Five Years Later in Older Adults: A Decision Tree Modelling Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3577-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo de Maio","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do S\u00e3o Francisco, Petrolina 56304-205, Brazil"},{"name":"Swiss Center of Expertise in Life Course Research LIVES, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9850-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adilson","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"ISAMB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0927-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9lvio R.","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9000-082 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Robotics and Engineering Systems (LARSYS), Interactive Technologies Institute, 9000-082 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1295-0826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscila","family":"Marconcin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insight: Piaget Research Center for Ecological Human Development, 1950-157 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Providencia 3460000, Chile"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Peralta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"ISAMB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9845-5190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Ihle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Center of Expertise in Life Course Research LIVES, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland"},{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"8931066","article-title":"Biomarkers of aging","volume":"66","author":"Bao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. 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