{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T23:53:54Z","timestamp":1775865234087,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition associated with deficit in reaction time which can lead to falls, resulting in limited independence, diminished quality of life, heightened rates of institutionalization and increased healthcare costs. We aimed to examine the effects of an acupuncture protocol in motor time response after an auditory stimulus. Methods: This study employed a case series design. Reaction time to exposed rhythmic and random auditory stimuli outcomes were evaluated at six different moments over a month-long acupuncture treatment protocol using the MP 36 system from Biopac Systems. Results: We observed a tendency to have more pronounced improvements in the time response in the more affected side of the body compared with the contralateral one. Patients tended to show better values of response to random auditory stimuli compared to rhythmic auditory ones. We also observed a tendency to obtain better results when considering the accumulative effects of the acupuncture protocol. Conclusions: Our findings indicated a possible role of reaction time as a sensitive and useful tool for motor function assessment in PD patients. Also, from our results, we concluded that the acupuncture protocol used may lead to an improvement in efficacy of motor response after aleatory and rhythmic stimulus; we also found a tendency for a higher efficacy of acupuncture in random stimuli responses in the first stages of the disease. However, further in-depth research, including a statistical evaluation with a larger participant pool, is necessary to validate and confirm these promising results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13185642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T08:56:06Z","timestamp":1727168166000},"page":"5642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acupuncture Effect on Reaction-Time Changes in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients\u2014Case Study Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6796-1533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina Ramos","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Abel Salazar Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Piaget Institute, Vila Nova de Gaia, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CBSIn\u2014Center of Biosciences in Integrative Health, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Academia de Sa\u00fade C+, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Henry J.","family":"Greten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DGTCM\u2014German Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"HSCM\u2014Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7394-7604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubim","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Mafalda","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academia de Sa\u00fade C+, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Hospital Pedro Hispano, 4464-513 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5200-9432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Abel Salazar Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CBSIn\u2014Center of Biosciences in Integrative Health, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Piaget Institute, Vila Nova de Gaia, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Academia de Sa\u00fade C+, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4570-5445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Abel Salazar Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CBSIn\u2014Center of Biosciences in Integrative Health, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1750-5614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Bego\u00f1a","family":"Criado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBSIn\u2014Center of Biosciences in Integrative Health, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Academia de Sa\u00fade C+, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"1H-TOXRUN\u2014Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01478-2","article-title":"The pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"403","author":"Morris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12755","article-title":"Economic Evaluation of Interventions in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"6","author":"Afentou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov. 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