{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T09:01:44Z","timestamp":1771578104023,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potential complication of cardiovascular disorders and is associated with worse outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of early AKI after endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke, identify predictors for this complication, and test the association between AKI and mortality or death or dependency. Methods: This was a single-center cohort study involving consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke submitted to endovascular therapy between 2015 and 2022. AKI was defined according to the KDIGO criteria and evaluated at 48 h. Other outcomes of interest were vital status and functional dependency at 3 months using the modified Rankin Scale, with death or dependency being defined as a score &gt; 2. An adjustment for potential confounders was performed using logistic regression. Results: Overall, 1150 patients were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 74 years and a slight female preponderance (56%). The median NIHSS was 15, the mean onset-to-groin time was 392 min, and 92% of patients were successfully recanalized. The overall incidence rate of AKI was 6%. On univariate analysis, patients with AKI were older (p = 0.002), had a longer time to EVT (p = 0.042), higher NIHSS (p = 0.006), higher blood glucose (p = 0.033), and lower baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (p &lt; 0.001). After adjustment for confounders, AKI was independently associated with NIHSS (p = 0.012), time to treatment (p = 0.004), and lower baseline GFR (p &lt; 0.001). AKI was also independently associated with higher mortality (OR = 2.302, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Patients with impaired baseline renal function and more severe stroke are at higher risk of AKI, and AKI begets worse stroke outcome. Better strategies are required to optimize treatment outcome in these patients and avert this vicious cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13226726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T06:05:41Z","timestamp":1731045941000},"page":"6726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Early Acute Kidney Injury in Stroke Patients Submitted to Endovascular Treatment: A Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3409-5314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital CUF Porto, Estrada da Circunvala\u00e7\u00e3o 14341, 4100-180 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Belchior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade do Alto Minho, Estrada de Santa Luzia 50, 4900-408 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1405-2720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Entre-Douro-e-Vouga, Rua Dr. C\u00e2ndido Pinho 5, 4520-211 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1037-3110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"de Oliveira Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Braga, Rua das Sete Fontes, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Unit, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Unit, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Novo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Unit, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ludovina","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"},{"name":"Stroke Unit, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Unit, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1051-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera","family":"Afreixo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0131-9430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Gregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"},{"name":"Stroke Unit, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Gaia e Espinho EPE, Rua Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Fernandes, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"20","author":"Feigin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00163-X","article-title":"Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: A meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials","volume":"387","author":"Goyal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000211","article-title":"Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"50","author":"Powers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987319832140","article-title":"European Stroke Organisation (ESO)\u2013European Society for Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) Guidelines on Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischaemic StrokeEndorsed by Stroke Alliance for Europe (SAFE)","volume":"4","author":"Turc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Stroke J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012781","article-title":"Global Epidemiology of Stroke and Access to Acute Ischemic Stroke Interventions","volume":"97","author":"Saini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"e000296","article-title":"Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury After Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Jhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. Interv. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1805256","article-title":"Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury","volume":"380","author":"Mehran","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c110041","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury","volume":"2","author":"Basile","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004464","article-title":"Acute Kidney Injury in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in Clinical Trials","volume":"48","author":"Qureshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016010105","article-title":"AKI and long-term risk for cardiovascular events and mortality","volume":"28","author":"Odutayo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007080901","article-title":"Acute kidney injury leads to inflammation and functional changes in the brain","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group (2012) KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for acute kidney injury","volume":"2","author":"Kellum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.017866","article-title":"Evolution of the Modified Rankin Scale and Its Use in Future Stroke Trials","volume":"48","author":"Broderick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"2220","article-title":"Improved reliability of the NIH Stroke Scale using video training","volume":"25","author":"Lyden","year":"1994","journal-title":"NINDS TPA Stroke Study Group Stroke"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001972","article-title":"Recommendations on angiographic revascularization grading standards for acute ischemic stroke: A consensus statement","volume":"44","author":"Zaidat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35","article-title":"Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment","volume":"24","author":"Adams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","article-title":"New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations to Estimate GFR without Race","volume":"385","author":"Inker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kogan, E., Twyman, K., Heap, J., Milentijevic, D., Lin, J.H., and Alberts, M. (2020). Assessing stroke severity using electronic health record data: A machine learning approach. BMC Med. Inf. Decis. Mak., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-019-1010-x"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60178-5","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease","volume":"379","author":"Levey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.6000\/1929-6029.2015.04.03.7","article-title":"Multiple Imputation by Fully Conditional Specification for Dealing with Missing Data in a Large Epidemiologic Study","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Stat. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1628","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies","volume":"4","author":"Altman","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R204","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2872","article-title":"Acute renal failure-definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: The Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group","volume":"8","author":"Bellomo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e468","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2022-019955","article-title":"Acute kidney injury after endovascular therapy in acute stroke patients: Systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Oliveira","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurointerv. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-021-01021-1","article-title":"The global incidence and mortality of contrast-associated acute kidney injury following coronary angiography: A meta-analysis of 1.2 million patients","volume":"34","author":"Lun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.04.055","article-title":"Procedural strategies to reduce the incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury during percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"12","author":"Almendarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nephro.2016.02.005","article-title":"Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease: From the laboratory to the clinic","volume":"12","author":"Ferenbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3756","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.031518","article-title":"Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy After Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke","volume":"51","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoo, J., Hong, J.H., Lee, S.J., Kim, Y.W., Hong, J.M., Kim, C.H., Choi, J.W., Kang, D.H., Kim, Y.S., and Hwang, Y.H. (2020). Acute Kidney Injury after Endovascular Treatment in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051471"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01722","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1722","article-title":"Acute kidney injury after a stroke: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19890931","article-title":"Brain-kidney interaction: Renal dysfunction following ischemic stroke","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.016771","article-title":"Neurons Over Nephrons","volume":"48","author":"Brinjikji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E291","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013049","article-title":"Blood Pressure after Endovascular Thrombectomy and Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Katsanos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.041949","article-title":"Intensive Blood Pressure Control After Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke","volume":"54","author":"Morris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.14590","article-title":"Intensive vs Conventional Blood Pressure Lowering After Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: The OPTIMAL-BP Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"330","author":"Nam","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26907","article-title":"Blood Pressure after Successful Endovascular Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials","volume":"95","author":"Gharaibeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01882-7","article-title":"Intensive blood pressure control after endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke (ENCHANTED2\/MT): A multicentre, open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled trial","volume":"400","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.14330","article-title":"Blood Pressure Management After Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: The BEST-II Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"330","author":"Mistry","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30483-X","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of intensive blood pressure lowering after successful endovascular therapy in acute ischaemic stroke (BP-TARGET): A multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Mazighi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603460","article-title":"Intensive Blood-Pressure Lowering in Patients with Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage","volume":"375","author":"Qureshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03361006","article-title":"North East Italian Prospective Hospital Renal Outcome Survey on Acute Kidney Injury (NEiPHROS-AKI): Targeting the problem with the RIFLE criteria","volume":"2","author":"Cruz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.02.349","article-title":"KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury","volume":"61","author":"Palevsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4263","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs375","article-title":"A European Renal Best Practice (ERBP) position statement on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guidelines on acute kidney injury: Part 1: Definitions, conservative management and contrast-induced nephropathy","volume":"27","author":"Fliser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80235-6","article-title":"Nephrotoxic risks of renal angiography: Contrast media-associated nephrotoxicity and atheroembolism\u2014A critical review","volume":"24","author":"Rudnick","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.026738","article-title":"Contrast-associated acute kidney injury in endovascular thrombectomy patients with and without baseline renal impairment","volume":"50","author":"Diprose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2024.111458","article-title":"Biomarkers of acute kidney injury: From discovery to the future of clinical practice","volume":"95","author":"Straub","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000479338","article-title":"Acute Kidney Injury following ischemic stroke and cerebral hemorrhage: A meta-analysis of prevalence rate and mortality risk","volume":"45","author":"Ziai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318195846e","article-title":"Novel and conventional biomarkers predicting acute kidney injury in adult cardiac surgery\u2014A prospective cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Bellomo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/22\/6726\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:28:51Z","timestamp":1760113731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/22\/6726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13226726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13226726","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]}}}