{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T08:33:38Z","timestamp":1777019618115,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006302","name":"University of Alcal\u00e1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPI-UAH-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPI-UAH-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006302","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006302","name":"University of Alcal\u00e1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPFM-2020\/002_COVID19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPFM-2020\/002_COVID19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006302","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Professional College of Physiotherapists of the Community of Madrid","award":["FPI-UAH-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPI-UAH-20"]}]},{"name":"Professional College of Physiotherapists of the Community of Madrid","award":["CPFM-2020\/002_COVID19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPFM-2020\/002_COVID19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Long-term effects of post-COVID-19 on several health outcomes remain unclear. We assessed PA and sedentary behaviour changes and explored behaviour-change factors twelve months post-COVID-19 in people with and without Long COVID. Methods: A prospective cohort study followed people treated for COVID-19 in different settings (home, hospital ward, intensive care unit) from twelve months to eighteen months post-COVID-19. Participants with and without Long COVID were identified. PA (Light PA-LPA, Moderate-to-Vigorous PA-MVPA, Steps\u00b7day\u22121), sedentary time, functional capacity (six-minute walk test-6MWT), muscle strength (quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction-QMVC), dyspnoea (modified Medical Research Council scale-mMRC), fatigue, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and health-related quality of life-HRQoL were assessed. Results: Among 148 participants (58 \u00b1 15 years, 54% male), 101 had Long COVID. All remained physically inactive. People with Long COVID significantly increased LPA (LPALongCOVID +28 [1; 55] min\u00b7day\u22121; LPAControls +6 [\u221232; 45] min\u00b7day\u22121), and decreased MVPA (MVPALongCOVID \u22124 [\u22127; \u22122] min\u00b7day\u22121; MVPAControls \u22124 [\u22128; 1] min\u00b7day\u22121) and sedentarism (SedentarismLongCOVID \u221247 [\u221289; \u22124] min\u00b7day\u22121; SedentarismControls \u221230 [\u221288; 28] min\u00b7day\u22121). At eighteen months, higher proportions of individuals with Long COVID had impaired 6MWT (17% vs. 0%), reduced QMVC (25% vs. 6%), dyspnoea (24% vs. 0%), fatigue (67% vs. 13%), symptoms of anxiety (47% vs. 9%) and depression (26% vs. 0%) as well as poor HRQoL (50% vs. 6%). PA and sedentary behaviour changes at eighteen months were associated with dyspnoea and impaired QMVC at twelve months (LPA: mMRC \u2265 2: \u221241.56 [\u2212129.30; 46.00] min\u00b7day\u22121, Steps\u00b7day\u22121: mMRC: \u2212416.13 [\u22121223.83; 391.57]; QMVC \u2264 70% predicted: \u22121251.39 [\u22122661.69; 158.91], Sedentarism: mMRC \u2265 2: +47.21 [\u221290.57; 184.99] min\u00b7day\u22121; 0.24 \u2264 R2 \u2264 0.32). Conclusions: PA and sedentary behaviour remain altered long after COVID-19, with people with Long COVID adjusting to fit lower PA levels, possibly driven by physical limitations and symptoms. Dyspnoea and muscle weakness may influence PA and sedentary behaviour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T08:49:57Z","timestamp":1747903797000},"page":"3641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in People with Long COVID: A Follow-Up from 12 to 18 Months After Discharge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0487-4819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola S.","family":"Diciolla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy in Women\u2019s Health Research Group\u2014FPSM, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory\u2014Lab3R, School of Health Sciences\u2014ESSUA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine\u2014iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Ampuero-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumonology, University Hospital of Torrec\u00e1rdenas, 04009 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4980-6200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alda","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory\u2014Lab3R, School of Health Sciences\u2014ESSUA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine\u2014iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0713-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Engineering Applied to Smart Spaces and Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Group\u2014GEINTRA, Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Garc\u00eda-De Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28942 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7051-3130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Torres-Lacomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy in Women\u2019s Health Research Group\u2014FPSM, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Health Research\u2014IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0059-4991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Yuste-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy in Women\u2019s Health Research Group\u2014FPSM, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Health Research\u2014IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2023). 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