{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T05:13:58Z","timestamp":1768886038466,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity and metabolic syndrome are growing epidemics worldwide and greatly responsible for many liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD often progresses to cirrhosis, end-stage liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer and one of the leading causes for cancer-related deaths globally. Currently available tools for the diagnosis of NAFLD staging and progression towards HCC are largely invasive and of limited accuracy. In light of the need for more specific and sensitive noninvasive molecular markers, several studies have assessed the potential of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers of liver injury and hepatocarcinogenesis. Indeed, extracellular miRNAs are very stable in the blood, can be easily quantitated and are differentially expressed in response to different pathophysiological conditions. Although standardization procedures and larger, independent studies are still necessary, miRNAs constitute promising, clinically-useful biomarkers for the NAFLD-HCC spectrum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm5030030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T10:30:47Z","timestamp":1457001047000},"page":"30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Circulating microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Afonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Sim\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23594","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: A weighty connection","volume":"51","author":"Starley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Association for the Study of the Liver, and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (2012). EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol., 56, 908\u2013943.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.12.001"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.12.005","article-title":"The burden of liver disease in Europe: A review of available epidemiological data","volume":"58","author":"Blachier","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21768","article-title":"Noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Present and future","volume":"46","author":"Wieckowska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03246.x","article-title":"GI epidemiology: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"25","author":"Angulo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50229","article-title":"Clinical and histologic spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with normal ALT values","volume":"37","author":"Mofrad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v59","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq166","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Jelic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8527","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i28.8527","article-title":"Circulating RNAs as new biomarkers for detecting pancreatic cancer","volume":"21","author":"Kishikawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5366","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq285","article-title":"CREB up-regulates long non-coding RNA, HULC expression through interaction with microRNA-372 in liver cancer","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jalali, S., Bhartiya, D., Lalwani, M.K., Sivasubbu, S., and Scaria, V. (2013). Systematic transcriptome wide analysis of lncRNA-miRNA interactions. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053823"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0383-6","article-title":"Berberine ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by a global modulation of hepatic mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles","volume":"13","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2014.00035","article-title":"Liver diseases and long non-coding RNAs: New insight and perspective","volume":"1","author":"Quagliata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2014.429","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.08.026","article-title":"Characterization of HULC, a novel gene with striking up-regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma, as noncoding RNA","volume":"132","author":"Panzitt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"3939","article-title":"Comparison of gene expression profiles between hepatitis B virus- and hepatitis C virus-infected hepatocellular carcinoma by oligonucleotide microarray data on the basis of a supervised learning method","volume":"62","author":"Iizuka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24563","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA high expression in hepatocellular carcinoma facilitates tumor growth through enhancer of zeste homolog 2 in humans","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2951-4","article-title":"Investigation of serum lncRNA-uc003wbd and lncRNA-AF085935 expression profile in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and HBV","volume":"36","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3195","article-title":"Are snoRNAs and snoRNA host genes new players in cancer?","volume":"12","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.5732\/cjc.012.10132","article-title":"Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) as potential non-invasive biomarkers for early cancer detection","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-9-198","article-title":"Small nucleolar RNA signatures as biomarkers for non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"9","author":"Liao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2124","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs: Lessons from the small nuclear and small nucleolar RNAs","volume":"8","author":"Matera","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E48","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27791","article-title":"Circulating U2 small nuclear RNA fragments as a novel diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic and colorectal adenocarcinoma","volume":"132","author":"Baraniskin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.449","article-title":"Small nucleolar RNA 42 acts as an oncogene in lung tumorigenesis","volume":"31","author":"Mei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2013.213066","article-title":"Circulating U2 small nuclear RNA fragments as a novel diagnostic tool for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"60","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2014-1064","article-title":"Increased level of circulating U2 small nuclear RNA fragments indicates metastasis in melanoma patients","volume":"53","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2014.230433","article-title":"The landscape of microRNA, Piwi-interacting RNA, and circular RNA in human saliva","volume":"61","author":"Bahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.87","article-title":"MicroRNAs in liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Szabo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00045-5","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function","volume":"116","author":"Bartel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"3917","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis","volume":"24","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.06.005","article-title":"MicroRNAs in cancer: Biomarkers, functions and therapy","volume":"20","author":"Hayes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3109\/10408363.2014.937522","article-title":"Relevance of microRNA in metabolic diseases","volume":"51","author":"Price","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03666.x","article-title":"MicroRNA profiles in allograft tissues and paired urines associate with chronic allograft dysfunction with IF\/TA","volume":"11","author":"Scian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shigehara, K., Yokomuro, S., Ishibashi, O., Mizuguchi, Y., Arima, Y., Kawahigashi, Y., Kanda, T., Akagi, I., Tajiri, T., and Yoshida, H. (2011). Real-time PCR-based analysis of the human bile micrornaome identifies miR-9 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for biliary tract cancer. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023584"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.147405","article-title":"The microRNA spectrum in 12 body fluids","volume":"56","author":"Weber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2008.282","article-title":"Characterization of microRNAs in serum: A novel class of biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and other diseases","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10513","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804549105","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection","volume":"105","author":"Mitchell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2014.5","article-title":"Clinical relevance of circulating cell-free microRNAs in cancer","volume":"11","author":"Schwarzenbach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5003","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019055108","article-title":"Argonaute2 complexes carry a population of circulating microRNAs independent of vesicles in human plasma","volume":"108","author":"Arroyo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2210","article-title":"MicroRNAs are transported in plasma and delivered to recipient cells by high-density lipoproteins","volume":"13","author":"Vickers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7248","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq601","article-title":"Export of microRNAs and microRNA-protective protein by mammalian cells","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunter, M.P., Ismail, N., Zhang, X., Aguda, B.D., Lee, E.J., Yu, L., Xiao, T., Schafer, J., Lee, M.L., and Schmittgen, T.D. (2008). Detection of microRNA expression in human peripheral blood microvesicles. PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003694"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilad, S., Meiri, E., Yogev, Y., Benjamin, S., Lebanony, D., Yerushalmi, N., Benjamin, H., Kushnir, M., Cholakh, H., and Melamed, N. (2008). Serum microRNAs are promising novel biomarkers. PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003148"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7223","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr254","article-title":"Characterization of extracellular circulating microRNA","volume":"39","author":"Turchinovich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Zhu, D., Huang, L., Zhang, J., Bian, Z., Chen, X., Liu, Y., Zhang, C.Y., and Zen, K. (2012). Argonaute 2 complexes selectively protect the circulating microRNAs in cell-secreted microvesicles. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046957"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.7","article-title":"The emerging roles of microvesicles in liver diseases","volume":"11","author":"Lemoinne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1397348","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs: Emerging biomarkers of liver disease","volume":"35","author":"Arrese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-306996","article-title":"Circulating microRNA signature in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: From serum non-coding RNAs to liver histology and disease pathogenesis","volume":"64","author":"Pirola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Povero, D., Eguchi, A., Li, H., Johnson, C.D., Papouchado, B.G., Wree, A., Messer, K., and Feldstein, A.E. (2014). Circulating extracellular vesicles with specific proteome and liver microRNAs are potential biomarkers for liver injury in experimental fatty liver disease. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113651"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25873","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs in exosomes indicate hepatocyte injury and inflammation in alcoholic, drug-induced, and inflammatory liver diseases","volume":"56","author":"Bala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.028","article-title":"Exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics of liver diseases","volume":"59","author":"Masyuk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1596","article-title":"Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells","volume":"9","author":"Valadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2110","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1209414109","article-title":"MicroRNAs bind to toll-like receptors to induce prometastatic inflammatory response","volume":"109","author":"Fabbri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murakami, Y., Toyoda, H., Tanahashi, T., Tanaka, J., Kumada, T., Yoshioka, Y., Kosaka, N., Ochiya, T., and Taguchi, Y.H. (2012). Comprehensive miRNA expression analysis in peripheral blood can diagnose liver disease. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048366"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23999","article-title":"Human T cell microparticles circulate in blood of hepatitis patients and induce fibrolytic activation of hepatic stellate cells","volume":"53","author":"Kornek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-03-078709","article-title":"Endothelial progenitor cell derived microvesicles activate an angiogenic program in endothelial cells by a horizontal transfer of mRNA","volume":"110","author":"Deregibus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2015.02.001","article-title":"Exosome and exosomal microRNA: Trafficking, sorting, and function","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genom. Proteom. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2010.01.032","article-title":"Analysis of circulating microRNA biomarkers in plasma and serum using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR)","volume":"50","author":"Kroh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2012.09.007","article-title":"Method for microRNA isolation from clinical serum samples","volume":"431","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-395","article-title":"Comparison of different extraction techniques to profile microRNAs from human sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"15","author":"Monleau","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2014.02.009","article-title":"The validity of circulating microRNAs in oncology: Five years of challenges and contradictions","volume":"8","author":"Jarry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3198","article-title":"MicroRNA profiling: Approaches and considerations","volume":"13","author":"Pritchard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm4101890","article-title":"Circulating microRNA biomarkers as liquid biopsy for cancer patients: Pros and cons of current assays","volume":"4","author":"Ono","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12236","article-title":"Methodological challenges in utilizing miRNAs as circulating biomarkers","volume":"18","author":"Moldovan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2011.05.025","article-title":"Analytical aspects of microRNA in diagnostics: A review","volume":"699","author":"Rodicio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e179","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gni178","article-title":"Real-time quantification of microRNAs by stem-loop RT-PCR","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-3-4","article-title":"Identification of circulating miRNA biomarkers based on global quantitative real-time PCR profiling","volume":"3","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-435","article-title":"Evaluation of two commercial global miRNA expression profiling platforms for detection of less abundant miRNAs","volume":"12","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-014-0086-0","article-title":"Circulating miRNAs in cancer: From detection to therapy","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.183","article-title":"Nafld, nash and liver cancer","volume":"10","author":"Michelotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.01.005","article-title":"MiR-122 regulation of lipid metabolism revealed by in vivo antisense targeting","volume":"3","author":"Esau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22569","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with altered hepatic microRNA expression","volume":"48","author":"Cheung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cermelli, S., Ruggieri, A., Marrero, J.A., Ioannou, G.N., and Beretta, L. (2011). Circulating microRNAs in patients with chronic hepatitis C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023937"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.05.021","article-title":"Associations between circulating microRNAs (miR-21, miR-34a, miR-122 and miR-451) and non-alcoholic fatty liver","volume":"424","author":"Yamada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.05.002","article-title":"Longitudinal study of circulating miR-122 in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"446","author":"Yamada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.04.018","article-title":"Plasma microRNAs are sensitive indicators of inter-strain differences in the severity of liver injury induced in mice by a choline- and folate-deficient diet","volume":"262","author":"Tryndyak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23100","article-title":"Role of microRNA-155 at early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis induced by choline-deficient and amino acid-defined diet in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2010.113","article-title":"Difference in expression of hepatic microRNAs miR-29c, miR-34a, miR-155, and miR-200b is associated with strain-specific susceptibility to dietary nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice","volume":"90","author":"Pogribny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0867","article-title":"Elevated circulating microRNA-122 is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in young adults","volume":"172","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, Y., Ge, G., Pan, T., Wen, D., and Gan, J. (2014). A pilot study of serum microRNAs panel as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105192"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, P., Cheng, S.Q., Wang, H., Li, N., Chen, Y.F., and Gao, C.F. (2011). Serum microRNAs as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028486"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.20712","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs, miR-21, miR-122, and miR-223, in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or chronic hepatitis","volume":"50","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v6.i11.818","article-title":"Circulating microRNA, miR-122 and miR-221 signature in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Ammer","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29802","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus","volume":"138","author":"Hung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"864894","article-title":"Expression of serum exosomal microRNA-21 in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"2014","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2015.2076","article-title":"miR-21 regulates triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting HMGCR","volume":"35","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.10.013","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs, possible indicators of progress of rat hepatocarcinogenesis from early stages","volume":"200","author":"Sukata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2013.130133","article-title":"Expression of serum miR-16, let-7f, and miR-21 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and their clinical significances","volume":"60","author":"Ge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Lab."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181f18ac2","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"45","author":"Qu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-015-0148-1","article-title":"Circulating miRNA-122, miRNA-199a, and miRNA-16 as biomarkers for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"19","author":"Fawzy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, Y., Ge, G., Pan, T., Wen, D., Chen, L., Yu, X., Zhou, X., and Gan, J. (2014). A serum microRNA panel as potential biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma related with hepatitis B virus. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107986"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Motawi, T.K., Shaker, O.G., El-Maraghy, S.A., and Senousy, M.A. (2015). Serum microRNAs as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137706"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29544","article-title":"Plasma miRNAs as early biomarkers for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"137","author":"Wen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v6.i8.613","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"6","author":"Celikbilek","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e603","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000603","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma screening: A validation set from China","volume":"94","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.11.025","article-title":"Upregulation of miR-15b in NAFLD models and in the serum of patients with fatty liver disease","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000825","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-000825","article-title":"Circulating miR-15b and miR-130b in serum as potential markers for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1896-3","article-title":"Weight-reduction through a low-fat diet causes differential expression of circulating microRNAs in obese C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"16","author":"Hsieh","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.893082","article-title":"Plasma miR-15b-5p, miR-338\u20135p, and miR-764 as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5765","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-014-3449-2","article-title":"Analysis of circulating microRNAs that are specifically increased in hyperlipidemic and\/or hyperglycemic sera","volume":"41","author":"Simionescu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-014-0986-3","article-title":"miR-33a levels in hepatic and serum after chronic HBV-induced fibrosis","volume":"50","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7814","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i25.7814","article-title":"miR-122 negatively correlates with liver fibrosis as detected by histology and fibroscan","volume":"21","author":"Halasz","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23875","article-title":"A novel GSK-3 beta-C\/EBP alpha-miR-122-insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor regulatory circuitry in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"52","author":"Zeng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3526","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.211","article-title":"Loss of miR-122 expression in liver cancer correlates with suppression of the hepatic phenotype and gain of metastatic properties","volume":"28","author":"Coulouarn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63539","article-title":"Essential metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic functions of miR-122 in liver","volume":"122","author":"Hsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2884","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63455","article-title":"MicroRNA-122 plays a critical role in liver homeostasis and hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"122","author":"Tsai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12498","article-title":"Silencing of microRNA-122 is an early event during hepatocarcinogenesis from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"105","author":"Takaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.147850","article-title":"Plasma microRNA-122 as a biomarker for viral-, alcohol-, and chemical-related hepatic diseases","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4773","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-3128-5","article-title":"High serum microRNA-122 level is independently associated with higher overall survival rate in hepatocellular carcinoma patients","volume":"36","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S704","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(15)31152-1","article-title":"miR-21 inhibition and FXR activation synergistically ameilorate disease pathogenesis in a mouse model of NAFLD","volume":"62","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, H., Ng, R., Chen, X., Steer, C.J., and Song, G. (2015). MicroRNA-21 is a potential link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma via modulation of the HBP1-p53-Srebp1c pathway. Gut.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308430"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.04.026","article-title":"Circulating microRNA-21 as a novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"56","author":"Tomimaru","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, B.S., Zhao, Y.L., Guo, G., Li, W., Zhu, E.D., Luo, X., Mao, X.H., Zou, Q.M., Yu, P.W., and Zuo, Q.F. (2012). Plasma microRNAs, miR-223, miR-21 and miR-218, as novel potential biomarkers for gastric cancer detection. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041629"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-140437","article-title":"Diagnostic value of circulating miR-21 for colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Shan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Biomark."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, Q., Han, P., Huang, Y., Wu, Z., Chen, Q., Li, S., Ye, J., and Wu, X. (2015). Potential role of circulating microRNA-21 for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130677"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2130-8","article-title":"Apoptosis and insulin resistance in liver and peripheral tissues of morbidly obese patients is associated with different stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"54","author":"Ferreira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20140732","article-title":"Necroptosis is a key pathogenic event in human and experimental murine models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"129","author":"Afonso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12806","article-title":"Revisiting the metabolic syndrome and paving the way for microRNAs in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"281","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.08.008","article-title":"miR-34a\/SIRT1\/p53 is suppressed by ursodeoxycholic acid in the rat liver and activated by disease severity in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"58","author":"Castro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dang, Y., Luo, D., Rong, M., and Chen, G. (2013). Underexpression of miR-34a in hepatocellular carcinoma and its contribution towards enhancement of proliferating inhibitory effects of agents targeting c-MET. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061054"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22160","article-title":"Identification of metastasis-related microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Budhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12268","article-title":"Expression of genes for microRNA-processing enzymes is altered in advanced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.03.036","article-title":"MicroRNA-375 targets Hippo-signaling effector YAP in liver cancer and inhibits tumor properties","volume":"394","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.500","article-title":"MicroRNA-375 targets AEG-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and suppresses liver cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo","volume":"31","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI36460","article-title":"Astrocyte elevated gene-1 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma development and progression","volume":"119","author":"Yoo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9798","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-1001","article-title":"Serum microRNA profiles serve as novel biomarkers for HBV infection and diagnosis of HBV-positive hepatocarcinoma","volume":"70","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14011105","article-title":"Identification of recurrence related microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2015.3924","article-title":"Differential expression of serum microRNAs in cirrhosis that evolve into hepatocellular carcinoma related to hepatitis B virus","volume":"33","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05949.x","article-title":"Effect of miRNA-10b in regulating cellular steatosis level by targeting PPAR-alpha expression, a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis of NAFLD","volume":"25","author":"Zheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-014-0234-x","article-title":"miR-10b is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion through RhoC, uPAR and MMPS","volume":"12","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, A.M., Gilchrist, D.S., Nijjar, J., Araldi, E., Ramirez, C.M., Lavery, C.A., Fernandez-Hernando, C., McInnes, I.B., and Kurowska-Stolarska, M. (2013). miR-155 has a protective role in the development of non-alcoholic hepatosteatosis in mice. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072324"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, X., Jia, J., Du, T., Li, W., Wang, X., Wei, J., Lin, X., Zeng, H., Yao, L., and Chen, X. (2015). Overexpression of miR-155 in the liver of transgenic mice alters the expression profiling of hepatic genes associated with lipid metabolism. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118417"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-151","article-title":"Increased microRNA-155 expression in the serum and peripheral monocytes in chronic HCV infection","volume":"10","author":"Bala","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26257","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem cells promote hepatocarcinoma progression: Role of the S100A4-miR155-SOCS1-MMP9 axis","volume":"57","author":"Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10721","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10721","article-title":"Biodistribution and function of extracellular miRNA-155 in mice","volume":"5","author":"Bala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2539-8","article-title":"Downregulation of miR-181a upregulates sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and improves hepatic insulin sensitivity","volume":"55","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.03.025","article-title":"miR-181b promotes hepatic stellate cells proliferation by targeting p27 and is elevated in the serum of cirrhosis patients","volume":"421","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12517","article-title":"miR-181a mediates TGF-beta-induced hepatocyte EMT and is dysregulated in cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer","volume":"35","author":"Brockhausen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-97","article-title":"Up-regulated microRNA-181a induces carcinogenesis in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting E2F5","volume":"14","author":"Zou","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500107","article-title":"Obesity-induced miR-15b is linked causally to the development of insulin resistance through the repression of the insulin receptor in hepatocytes","volume":"59","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_140","first-page":"113","article-title":"High expression of microRNA-15b predicts a low risk of tumor recurrence following curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"23","author":"Chung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16227","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3970","article-title":"miR-15b-5p induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma, both in vitro and in vivo, by suppressing RAB1A","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10486","article-title":"Inhibition of miR-33a\/b in non-human primates raises plasma HDL and lowers VLDL triglycerides","volume":"478","author":"Rayner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2015.02.008","article-title":"Long-term supplementation with a low dose of proanthocyanidins normalized liver miR-33a and miR-122 levels in high-fat diet-induced obese rats","volume":"35","author":"Casanova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2013.09.018","article-title":"Profibrotic effect of miR-33a with AKT activation in hepatic stellate cells","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.2697","article-title":"Plasma microRNA panel to diagnose hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-015-1943-0","article-title":"Combination of exosomes and circulating microRNAs may serve as a promising tumor marker complementary to alpha-fetoprotein for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis in rats","volume":"141","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.621","article-title":"Identification of a bona fide microRNA biomarker in serum exosomes that predicts hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation","volume":"112","author":"Sugimachi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2014.09.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"Lafaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg. Oncol. Clin. N. Am."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/5\/3\/30\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:20:06Z","timestamp":1760210406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/5\/3\/30"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]},"references-count":148,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm5030030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm5030030","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]}}}