{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:47:58Z","timestamp":1760237278323,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/136007\/2018","SFRH\/BD\/132751\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/136007\/2018","SFRH\/BD\/132751\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lung cancer (LC) cells frequently express high levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Although these levels grossly correlate with the likelihood of response to specific checkpoint inhibitors, the response prediction is rather imperfect, and more accurate predictive biomarkers are mandatory. We examined the methylation profile of RAD51B (RAD51Bme) as a candidate predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), correlating with patients\u2019 outcome. PD-L1 immunoexpression and RAD51Bme levels were analysed in NSCLC samples obtained from patients not treated with anti-PD-1 (Untreated Cohort (#1)) and patients treated with PD-1 blockade (Treated Cohort (#2)). Of a total of 127 patients assessed, 58.3% depicted PD-L1 positivity (PD-L1+). RAD51Bme levels were significantly associated with PD-L1 immunoexpression. Patients with PD-1 blockade clinical benefit disclosed higher RAD51Bme levels (p = 0.0390) and significantly lower risk of disease progression (HR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15\u20130.88; p = 0.025). Combining RAD51Bme+ with PD-L1+ improved the sensitivity of the test to predict immunotherapy response. PD-L1+ was also associated with lower risk of death (HR 0.35; 95% CI: 0.15\u20130.81; p = 0.014). Thus, RAD51Bme levels might be combined with validated predictive biomarker PD-L1 immunostaining to select patients who will most likely experience clinical benefit from PD-1 blockade. The predictive value of RAD51Bme should be confirmed in prospective studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T13:39:34Z","timestamp":1585834774000},"page":"1000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["RAD51Bme Levels as a Potential Predictive Biomarker for PD-1 Blockade Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9295-7605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas Maria","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6746-6807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Barros-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) &amp; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) &amp; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Cantante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) &amp; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) &amp; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6829-1391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) &amp; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3098-0711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3171-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Henrique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) &amp; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4186-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Jer\u00f3nimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) &amp; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.07.005","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: Estimates for 40 countries and 25 major cancers in 2018","volume":"103","author":"Ferlay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. 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