{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T11:12:20Z","timestamp":1760181140808,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]],"date-time":"2020-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This retrospective study evaluated the survival rate of short, sandblasted acid-etched surfaced implants with 6 and 8 mm lengths with at least 120 days of follow-up. Data concerning patient, implant and surgery characteristics were retrieved from clinical records. Sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA)-surfaced tissue-level 6 mm (TL6) or 8 mm (TL8) implants or bone-level tapered 8 mm (BLT8) implants were used. Absolute and relative frequency distributions were calculated for qualitative variables and mean values and standard deviations for quantitative variables. A Cox regression model was performed to verify whether type, length and\/or width influence the implant survival. The cumulative implant survival rate was assessed by time-to-event analyses (Kaplan\u2013Meier estimator). In all, 513 patients with a mean age of 58.00 \u00b1 12.44 years received 1008 dental implants with a mean follow-up of 21.57 \u00b1 10.77 months. Most implants (78.17%) presented a 4.1 mm diameter, and the most frequent indication was a partially edentulous arch (44.15%). The most frequent locations were the posterior mandible (53.97%) and the posterior maxilla (31.55%). No significant differences were found in survival rates between groups of type, length and width of implant with the cumulative rate being 97.7% \u00b1 0.5%. Within the limitations of this study, the evaluated short implants are a predictable option with high survival rates during the follow-up without statistical differences between the appraised types, lengths and widths.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9123943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T11:50:49Z","timestamp":1607428249000},"page":"3943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Survival Rate of 1008 Short Dental Implants with 21 Months of Average Follow-Up: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5544-3744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Caram\u00eas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Implantologia, 1070-064 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"LIBPhys-FCT UID\/FIS\/04559\/2013, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Catarina","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Implantologia, 1070-064 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Caram\u00eas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Implantologia, 1070-064 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Implantologia, 1070-064 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Fialho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o de Viseu, Centro de Estudos em Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Tecnologias e Sa\u00fade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1966-8281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duarte","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Implantologia, 1070-064 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"LIBPhys-FCT UID\/FIS\/04559\/2013, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(81)80077-4","article-title":"A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw","volume":"10","author":"Adell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.3129","article-title":"Retrospective multicenter study of 230 6-mm SLA-surfaced implants with 1- to 6-year follow-up","volume":"28","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12615","article-title":"EAO Supplement Working Group 4\u2014EAO CC 2015 Short implants versus sinus lifting with longer implants to restore the posterior maxilla: A systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Thoma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12432","article-title":"Short implants (5 to 8 mm) versus longer implants (>8 mm) with sinus lifting in atrophic posterior maxilla: A meta-analysis of RCTs","volume":"19","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"385","article-title":"Short implants versus longer implants in vertically augmented posterior mandibles: Result at 8 years after loading from a randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Felice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"237","article-title":"Bone augmentation procedures in implant dentistry","volume":"24","author":"Chiapasco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.05.009","article-title":"Short implants versus bone augmentation in combination with standard-length implants in posterior atrophic partially edentulous mandibles: Systematic review and meta-analysis with the Bayesian approach","volume":"48","author":"Dias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2019.11.001","article-title":"Short implants: An answer to a challenging dilemma?","volume":"64","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511425675","article-title":"Short dental implants: A systematic review","volume":"91","author":"Annibali","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12632","article-title":"Short implants compared to implants in vertically augmented bone: A systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Nisand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.07.008","article-title":"Interpositional osteotomy for posterior mandible ridge augmentation","volume":"67","author":"Block","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"e168","article-title":"Short implants (<8 mm) versus longer implants (\u22658 mm) with lateral sinus floor augmentation in posterior atrophic maxilla: A meta-analysis of RCT\u2019s in humans","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2019.12.005","article-title":"Zygomatic implants: A solution for the atrophic maxilla","volume":"64","author":"Rosenstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-03183-6","article-title":"The sandwich osteotomy technique to treat vertical alveolar bone defects prior to implant placement: A systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Roccuzzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.4522","article-title":"Guided bone regeneration with nonresorbable membranes in the rehabilitation of partially edentulous atrophic arches: A retrospective study on 122 implants with a 3- to 7-year follow-up","volume":"40","author":"Pistilli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2019.12.010","article-title":"Complications associated with inferior alveolar nerve reposition technique for simultaneous implant-based rehabilitation of atrophic mandibles. A systematic literature review","volume":"121","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13289","article-title":"Survival rates of short dental implants (\u22646 mm) compared with implants longer than 6 mm in posterior jaw areas: A meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Papaspyridakos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.07.014","article-title":"Quality assessment of systematic reviews on vertical bone regeneration","volume":"48","author":"Saletta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.6893","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness of extra-short (\u22646 mm) dental implants: A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Barootchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2018.11.003","article-title":"15-year follow-up of short dental implants placed in the partially edentulous patient: Mandible Vs maxilla","volume":"222","author":"Anitua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Anat."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004518","article-title":"Short implants: Analysis of 69 implants loaded in mandible compared with longer implants","volume":"29","author":"Scarano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13338","article-title":"Is there an effect of crown-to-implant ratio on implant treatment outcomes? A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Meijer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2004.00978.x","article-title":"A 7-year life table analysis from a prospective study on ITI implants with special emphasis on the use of short implants. Results from a private practice","volume":"15","author":"Nedir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12073","article-title":"Retrospective study of short and extra-short implants placed in posterior regions: Influence of crown-to-implant ratio on marginal bone loss","volume":"17","author":"Anitua","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres-Alemany, A., Fern\u00e1ndez-Estevan, L., Agust\u00edn-Panadero, R., Montiel-Company, J.M., Labaig-Rueda, C., and Ma\u00f1es-Ferrer, J.F. (2020). Clinical behavior of short dental implants: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103271"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(08)60259-0","article-title":"The influence of implant diameter and length on stress distribution of osseointegrated implants related to crestal bone geometry: A three-dimensional finite element analysis","volume":"100","author":"Baggi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2016.08.012","article-title":"Trends in techniques to avoid bone augmentation surgery: Application of short implants, narrow-diameter implants and guided surgery","volume":"44","author":"Pommer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cranio Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-D-19-00025","article-title":"The clinical performance of narrow diameter implants versus regular diameter implants: A meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Survival of short dental implants \u2264 7 mm: A review","volume":"011","author":"Piero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Contemp. Dent. Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2006.01349.x","article-title":"Impact of implant length and diameter on survival rates","volume":"17","author":"Renouard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1429","article-title":"Efficacy and predictability of short dental implants (<8 mm): A critical appraisal of the recent literature","volume":"27","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2012.02452.x","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of short dental implants supporting single crowns in posterior region: A clinical retrospective study of 5\u201310 years","volume":"24","author":"Lai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12409","article-title":"Early loading of 6-mm-short implants with a moderately rough surface supporting single crowns\u2014A prospective 5-year cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Rossi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13342","article-title":"Group 1 ITI Consensus Report: The influence of implant length and design and medications on clinical and patient-reported outcomes","volume":"29","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.045120","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"85","author":"Altman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1998.0285","article-title":"Detecting the medically compromised patient in dentistry by means of the medical risk-related history: A survey of 29,424 dental patients in the Netherlands","volume":"27","author":"Smeets","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2012.00461.x","article-title":"Impact of platform switching on peri-implant bone remodeling around short implants in the posterior region, 1-year results from a split-mouth clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Telleman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.110664","article-title":"Update of the case definitions for population-based surveillance of periodontitis","volume":"83","author":"Eke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.1990.010105.x","article-title":"Tissue integration of non-submerged implants","volume":"1","author":"Buser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12125","article-title":"Survival rates of short (6 mm) micro-rough surface implants: A review of literature and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12860","article-title":"Short implants (5\u20138 mm) versus long implants (\u226510 mm) with augmentation in atrophic posterior jaws: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12180","article-title":"Meta-analysis of single crowns supported by short (<10 mm) implants in the posterior region","volume":"41","author":"Mezzomo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2205-0","article-title":"Short implants versus bone grafting and standard-length implants placement: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Palacios","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518758036","article-title":"Five-year survival of short single-tooth implants (6 mm): A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"97","author":"Naenni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7127.285","article-title":"Understanding controlled trials. What are pragmatic trials?","volume":"316","author":"Roland","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.134","article-title":"What is a pragmatic clinical trial?","volume":"135","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a2390","article-title":"Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: An extension of the CONSORT statement","volume":"337","author":"Zwarenstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"303","article-title":"Implant treatment in edentulous maxillae: A 5-year follow-up report on patients with different degrees of jaw resorption","volume":"10","author":"Jemt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"417","article-title":"A prospective multicenter clinical trial of 3i machined-surface implants: Results after 6 years of follow-up","volume":"18","author":"Weng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2001.120603.x","article-title":"Biologic Width around one- and two-piece titanium implants\u2014A histometric evaluation of unloaded nonsubmerged and submerged implants in the canine mandible","volume":"12","author":"Hermann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.3.346","article-title":"Role of the microgap between implant and abutment: A retrospective histologic evaluation in monkeys","volume":"74","author":"Piattelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2010.00289.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a new titanium-zirconium dental implant: A biomechanical and histological comparative study in the mini pig","volume":"14","author":"Gottlow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12925","article-title":"Effect of time in function on the predictability of short dental implants (\u22646 mm): A meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Vazouras","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/12\/3943\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:41:52Z","timestamp":1760179312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/12\/3943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm9123943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9123943","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]]}}}