{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T01:51:47Z","timestamp":1776909107905,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Compos. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, there has been a growing replacement of synthetic fibers by natural ones, particularly by autochthonous materials. In the case of Algeria, the most abundant plant resources are the PALF (Pineapple leaf fiber), the date palm, and the Alfa fibers. In this work, the development and use of analytical and numerical methods are proposed to predict the mechanical properties of layers based on natural fibers that will be applied to manufacture skins of the sandwich cylinder. To achieve these predictions, four analytical models were used, namely the Halpin\u2013Tsai, the Chamis, the Hashin vs. Rosen, and the ROM. The analytical results were compared with the numerical simulations and experimental data. The prediction of the elastic properties of the three fiber-based eco-composites showed an important dispersion in terms of stiffness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs6030069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T22:54:02Z","timestamp":1645656842000},"page":"69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Micromechanical Analysis of a Bio-Sandwich Application for Cylinder under Pressure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1995-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghania","family":"Habbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Controls Laboratory Tests, Measurements and Simulations Mechanics, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Hay Salem, P.O. Box 151, Chlef 02180, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Abdelhakim","family":"Maizia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Controls Laboratory Tests, Measurements and Simulations Mechanics, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Hay Salem, P.O. Box 151, Chlef 02180, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Abdelkader","family":"Hocine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Controls Laboratory Tests, Measurements and Simulations Mechanics, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Hay Salem, P.O. Box 151, Chlef 02180, Algeria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6300-148X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher School of Technology and Management, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-252 Braganca, Portugal"},{"name":"Mountain Research Centre, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-252 Braganca, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7759-7050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Houcine","family":"Dhaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Thermal and Energetic Systems Studies (LESTE), National School of Engineering of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1080\/15376494.2017.1387329","article-title":"Prediction of reliability analysis of composite tubular structure under hygro-thermo-mechanical loading","volume":"26","author":"Maizia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2011.11.056","article-title":"Analysis of intermetallic swelling on the behavior of a hybrid solution for compressed hydrogen storage\u2013Part II: Finite element method simulation","volume":"36","author":"Chapelle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarlochan, F. (2021). Sandwich structures for energy absorption applications: A review. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14164731"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"108","article-title":"Applications of natural fibers and its composites: An overview","volume":"7","author":"Sanjay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Resour."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0263-8223(01)00181-7","article-title":"Bending behavior of filament-wound fiber-reinforced sandwich pipes","volume":"56","author":"Xia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpvp.2021.104350","article-title":"Analysis of filament-wound sandwich pipe under combined internal pressure and thermal load considering restrained and closed ends","volume":"191","author":"Hastie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Press. Vessel. Pip."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/0892705719844546","article-title":"Natural fiber\u2013reinforced composites: A review on material, manufacturing, and machinability","volume":"34","author":"Lotfi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04017042","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000820","article-title":"Axial Strength of Sandwich Panels of Different Lengths with Natural Flax-Fiber Composite Skins and Different Foam-Core Densities","volume":"21","author":"CoDyre","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Compos. Constr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/1099636216649891","article-title":"Experimental and analytical behavior of sandwich composite beams: Comparison of natural and synthetic materials","volume":"20","author":"Sadeghian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sandw. Struct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1515\/ntrev-2020-0069","article-title":"Finite element analysis of natural fibers composites: A review","volume":"9","author":"Alhijazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanotechnol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"7184","article-title":"Mechanical properties and wear properties of kenaf\u2013aloe vera\u2013jute fiber reinforced natural fiber composites","volume":"5","author":"Sailesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Today: Proc."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"105677","article-title":"A review on alfa fibre (Stipa tenacissima L.): From the plant architecture to the reinforcement of polymer composites","volume":"128","author":"Assarar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"5809","article-title":"Analytical model application for prediction of mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites","volume":"5","author":"Potluri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Today: Proc."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"5716","article-title":"Design and analysis of leaf spring using various composites\u2014An overview","volume":"5","author":"Ashwini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Today: Proc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2020.107379","article-title":"A study on the sound transmission loss of a new lightweight hemp\/bio-epoxy sandwich structure","volume":"167","author":"Dragonetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045034","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/aabb63","article-title":"Mechanical properties of functionalised CNT filled kenaf reinforced epoxy composites Mechanical properties of functionalised CNT fi lled kenaf reinforced epoxy composites","volume":"5","author":"Sapiai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Express"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.21608\/jaet.2020.44308.1059","article-title":"Fracture resistance of composite structurs from hemp bio-fibers","volume":"40","author":"Elzayady","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Eng. Trends"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostr.2018.11.084","article-title":"Green sandwich structures under impact: Experimental vs numerical analysis","volume":"12","author":"Boria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Struct. Integr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2017.09.008","article-title":"Impact behaviour of hybrid composites for structural applications: A review","volume":"133","author":"Safri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compos. Part B: Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2016.12.003","article-title":"A review on physico-mechanical properties of bast fibre reinforced polymer composites","volume":"9","author":"Kiruthika","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2018.10.024","article-title":"Multifunctional broadband microwave absorption of flexible graphene composites","volume":"141","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsubari, S., Zuhri, M.Y.M., Sapuan, S.M., Ishak, M.R., Ilyas, R.A., and Asyraf, M.R.M. (2021). Potential of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites in sandwich structures: A review on its mechanical properties. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13030423"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11837-009-0004-z","article-title":"Natural-fiber polymer-matrix composites: Cheaper, tougher, and environmentally friendly","volume":"61","author":"Monteiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"JOM"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1085","article-title":"A review: Fibres, Polymer Matrices and Composites","volume":"25","author":"Nurazzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pertanika J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, C., Khalina, A., and Lee, S. (2021). Importance of interfacial adhesion condition on characterization of plant-fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13030438"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campilho, R.D.S. (2016). Natural Fiber Composites, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/b19062"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Monti, C. (2016). Arthur \u00c9laboration et Caract\u00e9risation d\u2019une De, Structure Composite Sandwiche \u00e0 Base Naturels, l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Maine."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1177\/1528083716654468","article-title":"Hydrophobic treatment of natural fibers and their composites\u2014A review","volume":"47","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ind. Text."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2008.06.007","article-title":"Numerical generation of a random chopped fiber composite RVE and its elastic properties","volume":"68","author":"Pan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3457621","article-title":"A homogenization approach to the yield strength of spherical powder compacts","volume":"1252","author":"Benabbes","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2008.09.002","article-title":"Effect of volume fraction and wall thickness on the elastic properties of hollow particle filled composites","volume":"40","author":"Porfiri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00226-010-0351-5","article-title":"Application of micromechanical models to tensile properties of wood\u2013plastic composites","volume":"45","author":"Migneault","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wood Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tserpes, K., Tzatzadakis, V., and Bachmann, J. (2020). Electrical Conductivity and Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Bio-Composites. J. Compos. Sci., 4.","DOI":"10.23967\/emus.2019.017"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Fatlawi, A., J\u00e1rmai, K., and Kov\u00e1cs, G. (2021). Optimal design of a fiber-reinforced plastic composite sandwich structure for the base plate of aircraft pallets in order to reduce weight. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13050834"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, Y., Jia, B., Wang, X., Zhang, M., and Zhu, Z. (2019). Research on microscopic properties of tibw\/tc4 composites for drilling process. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12132112"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Craveiro, D.S., and Loja, M.A.R. (2021). An assessment of thick nanocomposite plates\u2019 behavior under the influence of carbon nanotubes agglomeration. J. Compos. Sci., 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs5020041"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kriwet, A., and Stommel, M. (2020). Arbitrary-Reconsidered-Double-Inclusion (ARDI) model to describe the anisotropic, viscoelastic stiffness and damping of short fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. J. Compos. Sci., 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs4020037"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/15440478.2017.1423256","article-title":"Experimental determination of elastic modulus of elasticity and Poisson\u2019s coefficient of date palm tree fiber","volume":"16","author":"Djebloun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nat. Fibers"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"37","article-title":"Identification de la loi de comportement des mat\u00e9riaux composites \u00e0 fibres organiques (Stipa tenacissima L) Identification of the behaviour law of organic fibre composite materials 5 \u00e9me Conf\u00e9rence","volume":"31","author":"Imen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Des. Energ. Renouv. Proc. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950567","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/950567","article-title":"A Review on Pineapple Leaves Fibre and Its Composites","volume":"2015","author":"Asim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"391","article-title":"Comparative review study on elastic properties modeling for unidirectional composite materials","volume":"17","author":"Younes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compos. Prop."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbero, E.J. (2013). Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials Using Ansys, CRC Press. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1201\/b16295"}],"container-title":["Journal of Composites Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2504-477X\/6\/3\/69\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:26:35Z","timestamp":1760135195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2504-477X\/6\/3\/69"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jcs6030069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcs6030069","relation":{},"ISSN":["2504-477X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2504-477X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]}}}