{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T19:16:04Z","timestamp":1769282164260,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese national funding through FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/28441\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/28441\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese national funding through FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/1606\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/1606\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese national funding through FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.05582.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05582.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese national funding through FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese national funding through FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese national funding through FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH\/NIGMS R01-GM084947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NIGMS R01-GM084947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"LiM facility of iBiMED, a node of PPBI (Portuguese Platform of BioImaging)","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/28441\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/28441\/2017"]}]},{"name":"LiM facility of iBiMED, a node of PPBI (Portuguese Platform of BioImaging)","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/1606\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/1606\/2020"]}]},{"name":"LiM facility of iBiMED, a node of PPBI (Portuguese Platform of BioImaging)","award":["2020.05582.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05582.BD"]}]},{"name":"LiM facility of iBiMED, a node of PPBI (Portuguese Platform of BioImaging)","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122"]}]},{"name":"LiM facility of iBiMED, a node of PPBI (Portuguese Platform of BioImaging)","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170"]}]},{"name":"LiM facility of iBiMED, a node of PPBI (Portuguese Platform of BioImaging)","award":["NIH\/NIGMS R01-GM084947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NIGMS R01-GM084947"]}]},{"name":"research infrastructure Congento","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/28441\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/28441\/2017"]}]},{"name":"research infrastructure Congento","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/1606\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/1606\/2020"]}]},{"name":"research infrastructure Congento","award":["2020.05582.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05582.BD"]}]},{"name":"research infrastructure Congento","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122"]}]},{"name":"research infrastructure Congento","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170"]}]},{"name":"research infrastructure Congento","award":["NIH\/NIGMS R01-GM084947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NIGMS R01-GM084947"]}]},{"name":"Transgenic RNAi Project (TRiP) collection at Harvard Medical School","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/28441\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/28441\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Transgenic RNAi Project (TRiP) collection at Harvard Medical School","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/1606\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BID\/1606\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Transgenic RNAi Project (TRiP) collection at Harvard Medical School","award":["2020.05582.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05582.BD"]}]},{"name":"Transgenic RNAi Project (TRiP) collection at Harvard Medical School","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122"]}]},{"name":"Transgenic RNAi Project (TRiP) collection at Harvard Medical School","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170"]}]},{"name":"Transgenic RNAi Project (TRiP) collection at Harvard Medical School","award":["NIH\/NIGMS R01-GM084947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NIGMS R01-GM084947"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JDB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Female gametogenesis is orchestrated by dynamic epigenetic modifications. In mammals, SETDB1, a histone H3K9 methyltransferase, is required for proper meiotic progression and early embryonic development. In Drosophila, the ortholog of SETDB1 plays a critical role in germ cell differentiation, transposon silencing, and the transcriptional repression of specific germline genes during oocyte fate determination. Moreover, Polycomb group (PcG) proteins in both mammals and Drosophila are essential for primary oocyte viability and meiosis, functioning through the silencing of early prophase I genes during later stages of prophase. While the repressive roles of epigenetic regulators in both Drosophila and mammalian oogenesis are well characterized, the functions of epigenetic activators remain less defined. Gene expression is controlled by the opposing activities of PcG and Trithorax group (TrxG) proteins, with the latter constituting a diverse family of chromatin remodelling factors that include H3K4 methyltransferases. In Drosophila, SET domain containing 1 (Set1)\u2014the ortholog of mammalian SETD1A\/B\u2014acts as the primary regulator of global H3K4me2\/3 levels. Set1 is critical for germline stem cell (GSC) self-renewal, functioning through both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms, with its depletion in the germline resulting in a progressive loss of GSC. More recently, Set1 has been implicated in germline cyst differentiation, although the mechanisms underlying this role remain poorly understood due to the complexity of the observed phenotypes. To investigate this, we analyzed ovaries from recently eclosed females in which Set1 and its highly conserved COMPASS partner, absent, small, or homeotic discs 2 (Ash2), were depleted\u2014thus minimizing the confounding effects from GSC loss. We observed striking defects in both oocyte determination and Synaptonemal Complex (SC) integrity in one- to two-day-old females, within otherwise normal egg chambers. Interestingly, while defects in oocyte fate and oocyte\u2013chromatin architecture were partially recovered in older egg chambers, SC integrity remained compromised. These findings suggest a critical window for SC assembly during germline cyst differentiation, after which this assembly cannot occur.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jdb13030030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T10:59:01Z","timestamp":1755601141000},"page":"30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Drosophila COMPASS Complex Subunits Set1 and Ash2 Are Required for Oocyte Determination and Maintenance of the Synaptonemal Complex"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5622-1214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigite","family":"Cabrita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, Edif\u00edcio 30, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Enyioko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, Edif\u00edcio 30, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1641-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Martinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, Edif\u00edcio 30, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.05.001","article-title":"Mouse oocytes develop in cysts with the help of nurse cells","volume":"185","author":"Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1994.1257","article-title":"Intercellular cytoplasm transport during Drosophila oogenesis","volume":"165","author":"Cooley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.05.040","article-title":"The origin of asymmetry: Early polarisation of the Drosophila germline cyst and oocyte","volume":"14","author":"Huynh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.0120","article-title":"Comparative aspects of animal oogenesis","volume":"231","author":"Matova","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spradling, A.C., Niu, W., Yin, Q., Pathak, M., and Maurya, B. (2022). Conservation of oocyte development in germline cysts from Drosophila to mouse. Elife, 11.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.83230"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navarro-Costa, P., McCarthy, A., Prudencio, P., Greer, C., Guilgur, L.G., Becker, J.D., Secombe, J., Rangan, P., and Martinho, R.G. (2016). Early programming of the oocyte epigenome temporally controls late prophase I transcription and chromatin remodelling. Nat. Commun., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12331"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-06-0025","article-title":"Alterations in epigenetic modifications during oocyte growth in mice","volume":"133","author":"Kageyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.01.008","article-title":"Chromatin modifications in the germinal vesicle (GV) of mammalian oocytes","volume":"292","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R65","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0153","article-title":"The histone codes for meiosis","volume":"154","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeLuca, S.Z., Ghildiyal, M., Pang, L.Y., and Spradling, A.C. (2020). Differentiating Drosophila female germ cells initiate Polycomb silencing by regulating PRC2-interacting proteins. Elife, 9.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.56922"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, M., Yeh, Y.H., Munakata, Y., Abe, H., Sakashita, A., Maezawa, S., Vidal, M., Koseki, H., Hunter, N., and Schultz, R.M. (2022). PRC1-mediated epigenetic programming is required to generate the ovarian reserve. Nat. Commun., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31759-6"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2013.06.021","article-title":"PRC2 controls Drosophila oocyte cell fate by repressing cell cycle genes","volume":"26","author":"Iovino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feijao, T., Marques, B., Silva, R.D., Carvalho, C., Sobral, D., Matos, R., Tan, T., Pereira, A., Morais-de-Sa, E., and Maiato, H. (2022). Polycomb group (PcG) proteins prevent the assembly of abnormal synaptonemal complex structures during meiosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 119.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2204701119"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J., Zhao, H., Dan, J., Kim, S., Hardikar, S., Hollowell, D., Lin, K., Lu, Y., Takata, Y., and Shen, J. (2016). Maternal Setdb1 Is Required for Meiotic Progression and Preimplantation Development in Mouse. PLoS Genet., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005970"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.132746","article-title":"The methyltransferase Setdb1 is essential for meiosis and mitosis in mouse oocytes and early embryos","volume":"143","author":"Eymery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon, J., Lee, K.S., Park, J.S., Yu, K., Paik, S.G., and Kang, Y.K. (2008). dSETDB1 and SU(VAR)3-9 sequentially function during germline-stem cell differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002234"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02698","article-title":"Histone methylation is required for oogenesis in Drosophila","volume":"134","author":"Clough","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.06.057","article-title":"piRNA production requires heterochromatin formation in Drosophila","volume":"21","author":"Rangan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2023.08.014","article-title":"A feedback loop between heterochromatin and the nucleopore complex controls germ-cell-to-oocyte transition during Drosophila oogenesis","volume":"58","author":"Sarkar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.115.185116","article-title":"Polycomb and Trithorax Group Genes in Drosophila","volume":"206","author":"Kassis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2876","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120030","article-title":"Trithorax and Polycomb group-dependent regulation: A tale of opposing activities","volume":"142","author":"Geisler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3230","article-title":"Trithorax group proteins: Switching genes on and keeping them active","volume":"12","author":"Schuettengruber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/els017","article-title":"WRAD: Enabler of the SET1-family of H3K4 methyltransferases","volume":"11","author":"Ernst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brief. Funct. Genom."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.111.135863","article-title":"dSet1 is the main H3K4 di- and tri-methyltransferase throughout Drosophila development","volume":"190","author":"Hallson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4310","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.06092-11","article-title":"The COMPASS family of H3K4 methylases in Drosophila","volume":"31","author":"Mohan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12902","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231473398","article-title":"COMPASS: A complex of proteins associated with a trithorax-related SET domain protein","volume":"98","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac051","article-title":"Loss of histone methyltransferase SETD1B in oogenesis results in the redistribution of genomic histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation","volume":"50","author":"Hanna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.143347","article-title":"Setd1b, encoding a histone 3 lysine 4 methyltransferase, is a maternal effect gene required for the oogenic gene expression program","volume":"144","author":"Brici","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2013.04.015","article-title":"dBre1\/dSet1-dependent pathway for histone H3K4 trimethylation has essential roles in controlling germline stem cell maintenance and germ cell differentiation in the Drosophila ovary","volume":"379","author":"Xuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2014.01.020","article-title":"A regulatory network of Drosophila germline stem cell self-renewal","volume":"28","author":"Yan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(98)70091-0","article-title":"Regulation of zygotic gene expression in Drosophila primordial germ cells","volume":"8","author":"Williamson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhaunova, L., Ohkura, H., and Breuer, M. (2016). Kdm5\/Lid Regulates Chromosome Architecture in Meiotic Prophase I Independently of Its Histone Demethylase Activity. PLoS Genet., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006241"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1592","article-title":"A genome-scale shRNA resource for transgenic RNAi in Drosophila","volume":"8","author":"Ni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.8.5.598","article-title":"The Drosophila orb RNA-binding protein is required for the formation of the egg chamber and establishment of polarity","volume":"8","author":"Lantz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.13.2785","article-title":"The role of BicD, Egl, Orb and the microtubules in the restriction of meiosis to the Drosophila oocyte","volume":"127","author":"Huynh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200706067","article-title":"NHK-1 phosphorylates BAF to allow karyosome formation in the Drosophila oocyte nucleus","volume":"179","author":"Lancaster","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lancaster, O.M., Breuer, M., Cullen, C.F., Ito, T., and Ohkura, H. (2010). The meiotic recombination checkpoint suppresses NHK-1 kinase to prevent reorganisation of the oocyte nucleus in Drosophila. PLoS Genet., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001179"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.117.300081","article-title":"Female Meiosis: Synapsis, Recombination, and Segregation in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"208","author":"Hughes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)61512-0","article-title":"Karyosphere in oogenesis and intranuclear morphogenesis","volume":"144","author":"Gruzova","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cytol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.119.302687","article-title":"The Drosophila CPEB Protein Orb Specifies Oocyte Fate by a 3\u2032UTR-Dependent Autoregulatory Loop","volume":"213","author":"Barr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.201410850","article-title":"H3K36 Trimethylation-Mediated epigenetic regulation is activated by bam and promotes germ cell differentiation during early oogenesis in drosophila","volume":"4","author":"Mukai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Open"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(98)00157-9","article-title":"Gal4 in the Drosophila female germline","volume":"78","author":"Rorth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mech. Dev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pang, L.Y., DeLuca, S., Zhu, H., Urban, J.M., and Spradling, A.C. (2023). Chromatin and gene expression changes during female Drosophila germline stem cell development illuminate the biology of highly potent stem cells. Elife, 12.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.90509.2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2221-3759\/13\/3\/30\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:30:34Z","timestamp":1760034634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2221-3759\/13\/3\/30"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jdb13030030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jdb13030030","relation":{},"ISSN":["2221-3759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2221-3759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]}}}