{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:07:21Z","timestamp":1762254441983,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["ID\/EEA\/04436\/2013","SFRH\/BPD\/123769\/2016","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID\/EEA\/04436\/2013","SFRH\/BPD\/123769\/2016","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031035"]}]},{"name":"Project LaserMULTICER","award":["ID\/EEA\/04436\/2013","SFRH\/BPD\/123769\/2016","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID\/EEA\/04436\/2013","SFRH\/BPD\/123769\/2016","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: This study aimed to assess the layer thickness and microstructure of traditional resin-matrix cements and flowable resin-matrix composites at dentin and enamel to composite onlay interfaces after cementation on low loading magnitude. Materials and Methods: Twenty teeth were prepared and conditioned with an adhesive system for restoration with resin-matrix composite onlays manufactured by CAD-CAM. On cementation, tooth-to-onlay assemblies were distributed into four groups, including two traditional resin-matrix cements (groups M and B), one flowable resin-matrix composite (group G), and one thermally induced flowable composite (group V). After the cementation procedure, assemblies were cross-sectioned for inspection by optical microscopy at different magnification up to \u00d71000. Results: The layer thickness of resin-matrix cementation showed the highest mean values at around 405 \u00b5m for a traditional resin-matrix cement (group B). The thermally induced flowable resin-matrix composites showed the lowest layer thickness values. The resin-matrix layer thickness revealed statistical differences between traditional resin cement (groups M and B) and flowable resin-matrix composites (groups V and G) (p &lt; 0.05). However, the groups of flowable resin-matrix composites did not reveal statistical differences (p &lt; 0.05). The thickness of the adhesive system layer at around 7 \u00b5m and 12 \u00b5m was lower at the interfaces with flowable resin-matrix composites when compared to the adhesive layer at resin-matrix cements, which ranged from 12 \u00b5m up to 40 \u00b5m. Conclusions: The flowable resin-matrix composites showed adequate flowing even though the loading on cementation was performed at low magnitude. Nevertheless, significant variation in thickness of the cementation layer was noticed for flowable resin-matrix composites and traditional resin-matrix cements that can occur in chair-side procedures due to the clinical sensitivity and differences in rheological properties of the materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14030148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T01:58:22Z","timestamp":1678240702000},"page":"148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Microscopic Inspection of the Adhesive Interface of Composite Onlays after Cementation on Low Loading: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tiago","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4429-726X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Fidalgo-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Orlanda","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9447-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), Campus Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipe S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), Campus Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), Campus Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9623-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mutlu","family":"\u00d6zcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7999-4009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falio C. M.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), Campus Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.11.007","article-title":"Comparison of CAD-CAM and traditional chairside processing of 4-unit interim prostheses with and without cantilevers: Mechanics, fracture behavior, and finite element analysis","volume":"125","author":"Coelho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. 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Prosthodont."}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Biomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/14\/3\/148\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:50:16Z","timestamp":1760122216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/14\/3\/148"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jfb14030148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfb14030148","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4983"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-4983"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]}}}