{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:47:27Z","timestamp":1777643247428,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EUROPEAN UNION\u2019S H2020 research and innovation program","award":["861138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["861138"]}]},{"name":"EUROPEAN UNION\u2019S H2020 research and innovation program","award":["KP-06-H48\/6 (2020\u20132024)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KP-06-H48\/6 (2020\u20132024)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003336","name":"BULGARIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE FUND","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["861138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["861138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003336","name":"BULGARIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE FUND","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KP-06-H48\/6 (2020\u20132024)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KP-06-H48\/6 (2020\u20132024)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The field of bone tissue engineering is steadily being improved by novel experimental approaches. Nevertheless, microbial adhesion after scaffold implantation remains a limitation that could lead to the impairment of the regeneration process, or scaffold rejection. The present study introduces a methodology that employs laser-based strategies for the development of antimicrobial interfaces on tricalcium phosphate\u2013hydroxyapatite (TCP-HA) scaffolds. The outer surfaces of the ceramic scaffolds with inner porosity were structured using a femtosecond laser (\u03bb = 800 nm; \u03c4 = 70 fs) for developing micropatterns and altering local surface roughness. The pulsed laser deposition of ZnO was used for the subsequent functionalization of both laser-structured and unmodified surfaces. The impact of the fs irradiation was investigated by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effects of the ZnO-layered ceramic surfaces on initial bacterial adherence were assessed by culturing Staphylococcus aureus on both functionalized and non-functionalized scaffolds. Bacterial metabolic activity and morphology were monitored via the Resazurin assay and microscopic approaches. The presence of ZnO evidently decreased the metabolic activity of bacteria and led to impaired cell morphology. The results from this study have led to the conclusion that the combination of fs laser-structured surface topography and ZnO could yield a potential antimicrobial interface for implants in bone tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb15020036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T11:35:34Z","timestamp":1706614534000},"page":"36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Design of Laser Activated Antimicrobial Porous Tricalcium Phosphate-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Orthopedic Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8373-6034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil","family":"Filipov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Ridvan","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERAMATHS\u2014Laboratoire de Mat\u00e9riaux C\u00e9ramiques et de Math\u00e9matiques, D\u00e9partement Mat\u00e9riaux et Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, F-59313 Valenciennes, France"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Dikovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Lamborghini","family":"Sotelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy eV INAM, \u00c4u\u00dfere N\u00fcrnberger Str. 62, 91301 Forchheim, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Optics, Information and Photonics, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Staudtstra\u00dfe 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Tharun","family":"Soma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy eV INAM, \u00c4u\u00dfere N\u00fcrnberger Str. 62, 91301 Forchheim, Germany"}]},{"given":"Georgi","family":"Avdeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str. Bld. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Penka","family":"Terziyska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsarigradsko Chausse 72 Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy eV INAM, \u00c4u\u00dfere N\u00fcrnberger Str. 62, 91301 Forchheim, Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, \u00c4u\u00dfere N\u00fcrnberger Str. 62, 91301 Forchheim, Germany"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Experimentalphysik, Fachbereich Physik, Frei Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Arnimalle 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Leriche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERAMATHS\u2014Laboratoire de Mat\u00e9riaux C\u00e9ramiques et de Math\u00e9matiques, D\u00e9partement Mat\u00e9riaux et Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, F-59313 Valenciennes, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1131-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albena","family":"Daskalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698915","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2021.698915","article-title":"Current Application of Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate in Bone Repair and Its Mechanism to Regulate Osteogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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