{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T09:45:05Z","timestamp":1772963105476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]],"date-time":"2024-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Miniscrews are devices that allow for absolute skeletal anchorage. However, their use has a higher failure rate (10\u201330%) than dental implants (10%). To overcome these flaws, chemical and\/or mechanical treatment of the surface of miniscrews has been suggested. There is no consensus in the current literature about which of these methods is the gold standard; thus, our objective was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on surface treatments of miniscrews. The review protocol was registered (PROSPERO CRD42023408011) and is in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic search was carried out on PubMed via MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science. The initial search of the databases yielded 1684 results, with 98 studies included in the review, with one article originating from the search in the bibliographic references of the included studies. The results of this systematic review show that the protocols of miniscrew surface treatments, such as acid-etching; sandblasting, large-grit and acid-etching; photofunctionalization with ultraviolet light; and photobiomodulation, can increase stability and the success of orthodontic treatment. The meta-analysis revealed that the treatment with the highest removal torque is SLA, followed by acid-etching. On the other hand, techniques such as oxidative anodization, anodization with pre-calcification and heat treatment, as well as deposition of chemical compounds, require further investigation to confirm their effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb15030068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T07:25:32Z","timestamp":1710141932000},"page":"68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Surface Treatment of Dental Mini-Sized Implants and Screws: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5118-4231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8937-361X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Travassos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE\u2013MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE\u2013MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5682-3191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalena Prata","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Iaculli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6154-4173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela Baptista","family":"Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE\u2013MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9269-5417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Miguel","family":"Marto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE\u2013MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0015-8604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Caramelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE\u2013MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3283-5104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE\u2013MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2615-2929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry (LACBE\u2013MDP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12517","article-title":"Dental Implant Length and Diameter: A Proposed 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