{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:03:54Z","timestamp":1777363434041,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":364,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"StemiGen\u2014Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Regenerative Medicine Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The management and reconstruction of critical-sized segmental bone defects remain a major clinical challenge for orthopaedic clinicians and surgeons. In particular, regenerative medicine approaches that involve incorporating stem cells within tissue engineering scaffolds have great promise for fracture management. This narrative review focuses on the primary components of bone tissue engineering\u2014stem cells, scaffolds, the microenvironment, and vascularisation\u2014addressing current advances and translational and regulatory challenges in the current landscape of stem cell therapy for critical-sized bone defects. To comprehensively explore this research area and offer insights for future treatment options in orthopaedic surgery, we have examined the latest developments and advancements in bone tissue engineering, focusing on those of clinical relevance in recent years. Finally, we present a forward-looking perspective on using stem cells in bone tissue engineering for critical-sized segmental bone defects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb15060145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T08:36:22Z","timestamp":1716798982000},"page":"145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Towards Stem Cell Therapy for Critical-Sized Segmental Bone Defects: Current Trends and Challenges on the Path to Clinical Translation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jolene","family":"Quek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Vizetto-Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore"}]},{"given":"Swee Hin","family":"Teoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Medical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3348-9602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37235","article-title":"3D printed hybrid bone constructs of PCL and dental pulp stem cells loaded GelMA","volume":"109","author":"Buyuksungur","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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