{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T02:32:54Z","timestamp":1768530774959,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Athletes increasingly turn to nutrition and supplements to enhance performance, yet the evidence surrounding the efficacy of the Mediterranean diet (MD) remains inconclusive. This scoping review aims to evaluate identify gaps in the existing literature and provide implications for future research on the MD\u2019s potential to improve athletic performance across various demographics, sport types, and performance measures. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed studies published across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Google Scholar) using the following terms and their combinations: \u201cmediterranean diet\u201d, \u201cperformance\u201d, \u201cathlete\u201d, \u201csport\u201d. The search placed no restrictions on the experimental design or the time period of the publication and focused on athletes regardless of competitive level. We examined targeted studies about the MD\u2019s effects on key performance metrics, such as endurance, strength, and speed, while also evaluating possible confounding factors like dietary intake, body composition, and training status. We further aimed to identify gaps in the literature by investigating the consistency of dosing protocols, supplementation duration, and methodologies used. Results: The preliminary findings suggest that while some studies report benefits of the MD for recovery and endurance, only 40% show statistically significant improvements in performance outcomes, often with methodological limitations. The studies also lacked homogeneity in participant demographics, dosage, and performance assessments, hindering comparability. Our review highlights the need for future research that incorporates standardized dosing, homogeneous athlete populations, and controlled dietary conditions. Conclusions: This review provides a framework to guide further research and offers insights into the potential role of the MD in sports nutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk10010016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T06:05:10Z","timestamp":1735797910000},"page":"16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Why Is the Association Between Mediterranean Diet and Physical Performance in Athletes Inconclusive? Implications for Future Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3977-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain","family":"Massart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6320-0615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1drian","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4427-3276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Pedro","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Center for Classical and Humanistic Studies, University of Coimbra, 3004-530 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2148-3534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0825-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Martinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colaprico, C., Crispini, D., Rocchi, I., Kibi, S., De Giusti, M., and La Torre, G. 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