{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:10:20Z","timestamp":1770279020243,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/23717-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/23717-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04748\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04748\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UI\/04045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/04045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/23717-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/23717-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04748\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04748\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UI\/04045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/04045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal","award":["2017\/23717-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/23717-9"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal","award":["UIDB\/04748\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04748\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal","award":["UI\/04045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/04045"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2017\/23717-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/23717-9"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04748\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04748\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UI\/04045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/04045"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Correct supervision during the performance of resistance exercises is imperative to the correct execution of these exercises. This study presents a proposal for the use of Morisita\u2013Horn similarity indices in modelling with machine learning methods to identify changes in positional sequence patterns during the biceps-curl weight-lifting exercise with a barbell. The models used are based on the fuzzy logic (FL) and support vector machine (SVM) methods. Methods: Ten male volunteers (age: 26 \u00b1 4.9 years, height: 177 \u00b1 8.0 cm, body weight: 86 \u00b1 16 kg) performed a standing barbell bicep curl with additional weights. A smartphone was used to record their movements in the sagittal plane, providing information about joint positions and changes in the sequential position of the bar during each lifting attempt. Maximum absolute deviations of movement amplitudes were calculated for each execution. Results: A variance analysis revealed significant deviations (p &lt; 0.002) in vertical displacement between the standard execution and execution with a load of 50% of the subject\u2019s body weight. Experts with over thirty years of experience in resistance-exercise evaluation evaluated the exercises, and their results showed an agreement of over 70% with the results of the ANOVA. The similarity indices, absolute deviations, and expert evaluations were used for modelling in both the FL system and the SVM. The root mean square error and R-squared results for the FL system (R2 = 0.92, r = 0.96) were superior to those of the SVM (R2 = 0.81, r = 0.79). Conclusions: The use of FL in modelling emerges as a promising approach with which to support the assessment of movement patterns. Its applications range from automated detection of errors in exercise execution to enhancing motor performance in athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk10010084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T10:12:33Z","timestamp":1740737553000},"page":"84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Similarity Index Values in Fuzzy Logic and the Support Vector Machine Method Applied to the Identification of Changes in Movement Patterns During Biceps-Curl Weight-Lifting Exercise"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0389-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 B.","family":"Peres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Federal de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de S\u00e3o Paulo (IFSP), Piracicaba 13414-155, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technologies, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8558-8509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago A. F.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technologies, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1088-0040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo A.","family":"Massini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technologies, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7076-0900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson G.","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technologies, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4524-4784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio C.","family":"Espada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Escola Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o (CIEQV\u2014Set\u00fabal), 2914-504 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & INnovation CenTer (SPRINT), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Sport, Santar\u00e9m Polytechnic University, Av. Dr. M\u00e1rio Soares, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Santar\u00e9m Polytechnic University, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo A. M.","family":"Robalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Escola Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o (CIEQV\u2014Set\u00fabal), 2914-504 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Sport, Santar\u00e9m Polytechnic University, Av. Dr. M\u00e1rio Soares, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6671-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Santar\u00e9m Polytechnic University, Av. Dr. M\u00e1rio Soares, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Santar\u00e9m Polytechnic University, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4357-4269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Santar\u00e9m Polytechnic University, Av. 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