{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T22:29:11Z","timestamp":1772231351858,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCT UID\/DTP\/00617\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT UID\/DTP\/00617\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0064\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/76740\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/76740\/2011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ISPUP","award":["FCT UID\/DTP\/00617\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT UID\/DTP\/00617\/2020"]}]},{"name":"ISPUP","award":["LA\/P\/0064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0064\/2020"]}]},{"name":"ISPUP","award":["SFRH\/BD\/76740\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/76740\/2011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated whether sedentary behaviour modulates skeletal-muscle repair and tissue inflammatory response after cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced injury. Singly caged rats spent 8 weeks either as a sedentary group (SED, n = 15) or as a control group (EX, n = 15)\u2014caged with running wheels for voluntary running. All rats had each tibial anterior muscle infused either with CTX (CTX; right muscle) or saline solution (Sham; left muscle) and were sacrificed (n = 5 per group) on the 1st, 7th, and 15th day post-injection (dpi). Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were used to calculate myotube percentage and fibrosis accretion, and quantify the number of neutrophils and M1 and M2 macrophage subtypes. The SED group showed an increased number of both neutrophils and M1 macrophages (7th and 15th dpi) compared to the EX group (p &lt; 0.01). The EX group showed an increased number of M2 macrophages on the 1st dpi. On the 7th dpi, the SED group showed a lower myotube percentage compared to the EX group (p &lt; 0.01) and on the 15th dpi showed only 54% of normal undamaged fibres compared to 90% from the EX group (p &lt; 0.01). The SED group showed increased fibrosis on both the 7th and 15th dpi. Our results show that sedentary behaviour affects the inflammatory response, enhancing and prolonging the Th1 phase, and delays and impairs the SMR process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk7040076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T01:51:49Z","timestamp":1664329909000},"page":"76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sedentary Behaviour Impairs Skeletal Muscle Repair Modulating the Inflammatory Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1696-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP) and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports, Lus\u00f3fona University of Porto, 4000-098 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4960-320 Melga\u00e7o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"AquaValor-Centro de Valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o e Transfer\u00eancia de Tecnologia da \u00c1gua-Associa\u00e7\u00e3o, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2262-0828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Bovolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico da Guarda, Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o para o Desenvolvimento do Interior (UDI), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J\u00falio","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP) and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4756-5917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000518","article-title":"Physiology of sedentary behavior and its relationship to health outcomes","volume":"47","author":"Thyfault","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. 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