{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T03:00:39Z","timestamp":1776222039329,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID\/CED\/04748\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/CED\/04748\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Life Quality Research Center (LQRC-CIEQV)","award":["UID\/CED\/04748\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/CED\/04748\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to test a machine learning (ML) model to predict high-intensity actions and body impacts during youth football training. Sixty under-15, -17, and -19 sub-elite Portuguese football players were monitored over a 6-week period. External training load data were collected from the target variables of accelerations (ACCs), decelerations (DECs), and dynamic stress load (DSL) using an 18 Hz global positioning system (GPS). Additionally, we monitored the perceived exertion and biological characteristics using total quality recovery (TQR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), session RPE (sRPE), chronological age, maturation offset (MO), and age at peak height velocity (APHV). The ML model was computed by a feature selection process with a linear regression forecast and bootstrap method. The predictive analysis revealed that the players\u2019 MO demonstrated varying degrees of effectiveness in predicting their DEC and ACC across different ranges of IQR. After predictive analysis, the following performance values were observed: DEC (x\u00afpredicted = 41, \u03b2 = 3.24, intercept = 37.0), lower IQR (IQRpredicted = 36.6, \u03b2 = 3.24, intercept = 37.0), and upper IQR (IQRpredicted = 46 decelerations, \u03b2 = 3.24, intercept = 37.0). The player\u2019s MO also demonstrated the ability to predict their upper IQR (IQRpredicted = 51, \u03b2 = 3.8, intercept = 40.62), lower IQR (IQRpredicted = 40, \u03b2 = 3.8, intercept = 40.62), and ACC (x\u00afpredicted = 46 accelerations, \u03b2 = 3.8, intercept = 40.62). The ML model showed poor performance in predicting the players\u2019 ACC and DEC using MO (MSE = 2.47\u20134.76; RMSE = 1.57\u20132.18: R2 = \u22120.78\u20130.02). Maturational concerns are prevalent in football performance and should be regularly checked, as the current ML model treated MO as the sole variable for ACC, DEC, and DSL. Applying ML models to assess automated tracking data can be an effective strategy, particularly in the context of forecasting peak ACC, DEC, and bodily effects in sub-elite youth football training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk9030114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T03:38:27Z","timestamp":1719805107000},"page":"114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Data Mining Paths for Standard Weekly Training Load in Sub-Elite Young Football Players: A Machine Learning Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4612-3623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 E.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"SPRINT\u2014Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Inovation Center, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"LiveWell\u2014Research Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"CI-ISCE, ISCE Douro, 4560-547 Penafiel, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Encarna\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"LiveWell\u2014Research Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"CI-ISCE, ISCE Douro, 4560-547 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pysical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9000-5419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Branquinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Biosciences Higher School of Elvas, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2007-4827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryland","family":"Morgans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF23 6XD, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1077-7233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPRINT\u2014Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Inovation Center, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Gra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPRINT\u2014Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Inovation Center, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7071-2116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago M.","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"LiveWell\u2014Research Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4467-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio M.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"LiveWell\u2014Research Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7530-512X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beria Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0184-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Forte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"LiveWell\u2014Research Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"CI-ISCE, ISCE Douro, 4560-547 Penafiel, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2020.1747552","article-title":"Unlocking the Potential of Big Data to Support Tactical Performance Analysis in Professional Soccer: A Systematic Review","volume":"21","author":"Goes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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