{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:21:57Z","timestamp":1760145717227,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05913\/2020","2020.05012.BD","2021.04976.BD","2021.04701.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05913\/2020","2020.05012.BD","2021.04976.BD","2021.04701.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the acute biophysical responses of changing the mandibular position during a rowing incremental protocol. A World-class 37-year-old male rower performed two 7 \u00d7 3 min ergometer rowing trials, once with no intraoral splint (control) and the other with a mandibular forward repositioning splint (splint condition). Ventilatory, kinematics and body electromyography were evaluated and compared between trials (paired samples t-test, p \u2264 0.05). Under the splint condition, oxygen uptake was lower, particularly at higher exercise intensities (67.3 \u00b1 2.3 vs. 70.9 \u00b1 1.5 mL\u00b7kg\u22121\u00b7min\u22121), and ventilation increased during specific rowing protocol steps (1st\u20134th and 6th). Wearing the splint condition led to changes in rowing technique, including a slower rowing frequency ([18\u201330] vs. [19\u201332] cycles\u00b7min\u22121) and a longer propulsive movement ([1.58\u20131.52] vs. [1.56\u20131.50] m) than the control condition. The splint condition also had a faster propulsive phase and a prolonged recovery period than the control condition. The splint reduced peak and mean upper body muscle activation, contrasting with an increase in lower body muscle activity, and generated an energetic benefit by reducing exercise cost and increasing rowing economy compared to the control condition. Changing the mandibular position benefited a World-class rower, supporting the potential of wearing an intraoral splint in high-level sports, particularly in rowing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk9030153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T06:46:29Z","timestamp":1725000389000},"page":"153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changing the Mandibular Position in Rowing: A Brief Report of a World-Class Rower"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7829-5222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4885-4924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3574-6692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoel","family":"Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4109-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4121-9653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o C.","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1555-5079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David B.","family":"Pyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport & Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5811-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535070-00005","article-title":"Monitoring of Performance and Training in Rowing","volume":"35","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hohmuth, R., Schwensow, D., Malberg, H., and Schmidt, M. (2023). A Wireless Rowing Measurement System for Improving the Rowing Performance of Athletes. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202301.0164.v1"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050542","article-title":"Aerobic and anaerobic energy during a 2-km race simulation in female rowers","volume":"79","author":"Pripstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199315010-00004","article-title":"Physiological and biomechanical aspects of rowing. Implications for training","volume":"15","author":"Secher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1172-9","article-title":"Energy systems contributions in 2,000 m race simulation: A comparison among rowing ergometers and water","volume":"107","author":"Grangeiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0338","article-title":"Case study: A jaw-protruding dental splint improves running physiology and kinematics","volume":"17","author":"Cardoso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2011.0325","article-title":"The effects of mouthpiece use on gas exchange parameters during steady-state exercise in college-aged men and women","volume":"142","author":"Garner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002679","article-title":"Physiological responses of a jaw-repositioning custom-made mouthguard on airway and their effects on athletic performance","volume":"34","author":"Girouard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2014.886128","article-title":"A comparison of electromyography and stroke kinematics during ergometer and on-water rowing","volume":"32","author":"Fleming","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000580","article-title":"Exercise modality effect on bioenergetical performance at VO2max intensity","volume":"47","author":"Sousa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2019.07.007","article-title":"Rowers with a recent history of low back pain engage different regions of the lumbar erector spinae during rowing","volume":"22","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00027-4","article-title":"Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures","volume":"10","author":"Hermens","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1990-9787","article-title":"Mechanics and Energetic Analysis of Rowing with Big Blades with Randall Foils","volume":"44","author":"Cardoso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"131","article-title":"Effects of stroke resistance on rowing economy in club rowers post-season","volume":"34","author":"Kane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Held, S., Siebert, T., and Donath, L. (2020). Electromyographic activity of the vastus medialis and gastrocnemius implicates a slow stretch-shortening cycle during rowing in the field. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66124-4"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.1.131","article-title":"Effects of respiratory muscle work on exercise performance","volume":"89","author":"Harms","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardoso, F., Monteiro, A.S., Vilas-Boas, J.P., Pinho, J.C., Pyne, D.B., and Fernandes, R.J. (2022). Effects of wearing a 50% lower jaw advancement splint on biophysical and perceptual responses at low to severe running intensities. Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12020253"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maurer, C., Stief, F., Jonas, A., Kovac, A., Groneberg, D.A., Meurer, A., and Ohlendorf, D. (2015). Influence of the lower jaw position on the running pattern. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135712"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cesanelli, L., Cesaretti, G., Ylait\u0117, B., Iovane, A., Bianco, A., and Messina, G. (2021). Occlusal Splints and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910338"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2004.033","article-title":"Affecting Upper Extremity Strength by Changing Maxillo-Mandibular Vertical Dimension in Deep Bite Subjects","volume":"22","author":"Abdallah","year":"2004","journal-title":"CRANIO\u00ae"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2019.1566766","article-title":"Effects of occlusal splints on shoulder strength and activation","volume":"51","author":"Dias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001192","article-title":"Effects of Jaw Clenching While Wearing a Customized Bite-Aligning Mouthpiece on Strength in Healthy Young Men","volume":"30","author":"Morales","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maurer, C., Heller, S., Sure, J.J., Fuchs, D., Mickel, C., Wanke, E.M., Groneberg, D.A., and Ohlendorf, D. (2018). Strength improvements through occlusal splints? The effects of different lower jaw positions on maximal isometric force production and performance in different jumping types. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193540"}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/9\/3\/153\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:45:26Z","timestamp":1760111126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/9\/3\/153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jfmk9030153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfmk9030153","relation":{},"ISSN":["2411-5142"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2411-5142"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]}}}