{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T14:08:44Z","timestamp":1772114924245,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]],"date-time":"2024-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia of Portugal and IDMEC","award":["LAETA-UIDB\/50022\/2020 and PTDC\/EME-EME\/0949\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LAETA-UIDB\/50022\/2020 and PTDC\/EME-EME\/0949\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia of Portugal and IDMEC","award":["2022.12351.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.12351.BD"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia of Portugal","award":["LAETA-UIDB\/50022\/2020 and PTDC\/EME-EME\/0949\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LAETA-UIDB\/50022\/2020 and PTDC\/EME-EME\/0949\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia of Portugal","award":["2022.12351.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.12351.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMMP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper delves into the formability of material deposited by wire arc additive manufacturing. It presents a novel dieless Nakajima testing procedure that offers a practical solution for obtaining strain loading paths up to failure directly from the deposited material without the need for extracting sheet blanks. The procedure involved machining a region of the deposited material to the desired shape and thickness and using a press to drive and control the movement of a hemispherical punch. The test was designed using finite element modeling, and its effectiveness in obtaining the required strain loading paths directly from the deposited material was verified through experimentation with digital image correlation. Importantly, this novel test eliminates the need for the special-purpose tool setup required in conventional Nakajima sheet formability tests, thereby simplifying the overall testing process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jmmp8040180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T03:43:28Z","timestamp":1724039008000},"page":"180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Formability Assessment of Additively Manufactured Materials via Dieless Nakajima Testing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4067-0389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui F. V.","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7737-2627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M. S.","family":"Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3599-7053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o P. M.","family":"Pragana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ivo M. F.","family":"Bragan\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CIMOSM, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3837-5185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos M. A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4730-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds G.","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2630-4593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo A. F.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"100032","article-title":"Hybrid Metal Additive Manufacturing: A State\u2013of\u2013the-Art Review","volume":"2","author":"Pragana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Ind. Manuf. 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