{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:38:05Z","timestamp":1760060285792,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project Hi-rEV\u2014Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o do Setor de Componentes Autom\u00f3veis, Portugal","award":["C644864375-00000002","COMPETE2030-FEDER-00582100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C644864375-00000002","COMPETE2030-FEDER-00582100"]}]},{"name":"Plano de Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o e Resili\u00eancia (PRR), Rep\u00fablica Portuguesa, Portugal","award":["C644864375-00000002","COMPETE2030-FEDER-00582100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C644864375-00000002","COMPETE2030-FEDER-00582100"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2030\u2014Thematic Program for Innovation and Digital Transition","award":["C644864375-00000002","COMPETE2030-FEDER-00582100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C644864375-00000002","COMPETE2030-FEDER-00582100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMMP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) is an additive manufacturing technique used for producing and repairing components, mainly for coating applications, depositing metal matrix composites such as cemented carbides, composed of hard metal carbides and a metallic binder. In this sense, this study evaluated the preparation of a ready-to-press WC-25Co powder as a reliable feedstock for L-DED process. This powder required pre-heat treatment studies to prevent fragmentation during powder feeding, due to the absence of metallurgical bonding between WC and Co particles. In the current study, the Taguchi methodology was used, varying laser power, powder feed rate, and scanning speed to reach an optimised deposition window. The best bead morphology resulted from 2400 W laser power, 11 mm\/s scanning speed, and 9 g\/min feed rate. Moreover, defects such as porosity and cracking were mitigated by applying a remelting strategy of 2400 W and 9 mm\/s. Therefore, a perfect deposition is obtained using the optimised processing parameters. Microstructural analysis of the optimised deposited line revealed a fine structure, comprising columnar and equiaxed dendrites of complex carbides. The average hardness of the deposited WC-25Co powder on a AISI 1045 steel was 854 \u00b1 37 HV0.2. These results demonstrate the potential of L-DED for processing high-performance cemented carbide coatings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jmmp9080279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T15:16:37Z","timestamp":1755184597000},"page":"279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimising WC-25Co Feedstock and Parameters for Laser-Directed Energy Deposition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8110-2572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAETA-INEGI\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Industrial, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Nhanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7492-5981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Regueiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA-INEGI\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Industrial, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0256-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAETA-INEGI\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Industrial, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3667-0562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel F.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAETA-INEGI\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Industrial, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department, Palbit, S.A., P.O. Box 4, 3854-908 Branca, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5697-4344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department, Palbit, S.A., P.O. Box 4, 3854-908 Branca, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9713-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department, Palbit, S.A., P.O. Box 4, 3854-908 Branca, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6722-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Emadinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA-INEGI\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Industrial, R. 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