{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T11:05:44Z","timestamp":1772190344069,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the project EMERTOX","award":["734748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["734748"]}]},{"name":"the project EMERTOX","award":["H2020-MSCA-RISE 2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020-MSCA-RISE 2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMSE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this work was to screen the EU-regulated lipophilic and cyclic imine toxins in four bivalve species (Atrina vexillum, Pinctada imbricata, Anadara antiquata, and Saccostrea Cucculata) from the Mozambican coast in the Indian Ocean. Toxins were extracted and analyzed according to the EU reference method for the determination of lipophilic toxins in shellfish via LC\u2013MS\/MS, but no regulated toxins were found in the analyzed species. However, pinnatoxins (PnTX G, E, and F) were detected in A. vexillum, P. imbricata, and A. antiquata. Higher levels of the PnTX G were determined for A. vexillum (7.7 and 14.3 \u00b5g\u00b7kg\u22121) than for P. imbricata (1.6 and 2.4 \u00b5g\u00b7kg\u22121), and for A. antiquata (4.5 and 5.9 \u00b5g\u00b7kg\u22121) with both hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed extracts, respectively. The higher levels of PnTX G determined in the hydrolyzed extracts indicate the high potential of this species to esterify pinnatoxins, in particular PnTX G.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse10091215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T01:50:51Z","timestamp":1661997051000},"page":"1215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["First Report of Pinnatoxins in Bivalve Molluscs from Inhaca Island (South of Mozambique)\u2014South of the Indian Ocean"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3435-1381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isidro Jos\u00e9","family":"Tamele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-238 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Science Abel Salazar, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Av. Julius Nyerere, n 3453, Campus Principal, Maputo 257, Mozambique"}]},{"given":"Il\u00e1rio","family":"Timba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biology Station of Inhaca, Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Av. Julius Nyerere, n 3453, Campus Principal, Maputo 257, Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3585-2417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-238 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6083-470X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Reis","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA\u2014Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera, Rua Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamele, I.J., Silva, M., and Vasconcelos, V. 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