{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:17:37Z","timestamp":1762078657345,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"the NORTE 2020 program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.05280.BD","SFRH\/BD\/147811\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05280.BD","SFRH\/BD\/147811\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.05280.BD","SFRH\/BD\/147811\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05280.BD","SFRH\/BD\/147811\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the International Consortium of Nanotechnologies (ICON)","award":["2020.05280.BD","SFRH\/BD\/147811\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05280.BD","SFRH\/BD\/147811\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMSE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper discusses a disruptive approach to wave energy conversion, based on a hybrid solution: the E-Motions wave energy converter with integrated triboelectric nanogenerators. To demonstrate it, a physical modelling study was carried out with nine E-Motions sub-variants, which were based on three original hull designs (half-cylinder (HC), half-sphere (HS) and trapezoidal prism (TP)). A unidirectional lateral tribo-device was incorporated within the E-Motions\u2019 hull during the experiments. The physical models were subjected to eight irregular sea-states from a reference study on the Portuguese coastline. Results point towards a significant hydrodynamic roll response, with peaks of up to 40 \u00b0\/m. Three peaks were observed for the surge motions, associated with slow drifting at low frequencies. The response bandwidth of the HC sub-variants was affected by the varying PTO mass-damping values. By comparison, such response was generally maintained for all HS sub-variants and improved for the TP sub-variants, due to ballast positioning adjustments. Maximum power ratios ranged between 0.015 kW\/m3 and 0.030 kW\/m3. The TENGs demonstrated an average open-circuit voltage and power per kilogram ratio of up to 85 V and 18 mW\/kg, respectively, whilst exhibiting an evolution highly dependent upon wave excitation, surge excursions and roll oscillations. Thus, TENGs enable redundant dual-mode wave energy conversion alongside E-Motions, which can power supporting equipment with negligible influence on platform hydrodynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse10121924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T02:18:48Z","timestamp":1670379528000},"page":"1924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Experimental Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Wave Energy Harvesting System Combining E-Motions with Triboelectric Nanogenerators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4599-9287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Clemente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Leix\u00f5es Cruise Terminal, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIMUP, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InanoEnergy, Edif\u00edcio FC6, Rua do Campo Alegre, 1021 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InanoEnergy, Edif\u00edcio FC6, Rua do Campo Alegre, 1021 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIMUP, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0494-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o O.","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFIMUP, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3768-3314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Rosa-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Leix\u00f5es Cruise Terminal, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Taveira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Leix\u00f5es Cruise Terminal, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portuguese Navy, Ministry of National Defence, Naval School, Alfeite, 2810-001 Almada, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.239","article-title":"Spatial assessment of solar energy potential at global scale. 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