{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T10:31:57Z","timestamp":1763202717334,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2020-114381GB-100","101086497","CTMA-IGA","FQM-343","RNM-188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-114381GB-100","101086497","CTMA-IGA","FQM-343","RNM-188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Horizon Europe Framework Programme HORIZON-CL6-2022-GOVERNANCE-01-07","award":["PID2020-114381GB-100","101086497","CTMA-IGA","FQM-343","RNM-188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-114381GB-100","101086497","CTMA-IGA","FQM-343","RNM-188"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat Valenciana from the University of Alicante","award":["PID2020-114381GB-100","101086497","CTMA-IGA","FQM-343","RNM-188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-114381GB-100","101086497","CTMA-IGA","FQM-343","RNM-188"]}]},{"name":"Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","award":["PID2020-114381GB-100","101086497","CTMA-IGA","FQM-343","RNM-188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-114381GB-100","101086497","CTMA-IGA","FQM-343","RNM-188"]}]},{"name":"Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","award":["PID2020-114381GB-100","101086497","CTMA-IGA","FQM-343","RNM-188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-114381GB-100","101086497","CTMA-IGA","FQM-343","RNM-188"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMSE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In a previous paper, the authors implemented a machine learning k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm and Python libraries to create two 3D interactive models of the stratigraphic architecture of the Quaternary onshore Llobregat River Delta (NE Spain) for groundwater exploration purposes. The main limitation of this previous paper was its lack of routines for evaluating the confidence of the 3D models. Building from the previous paper, this paper refines the programming code and introduces an additional algorithm to evaluate the confidence of the KNN predictions. A variant of the Similarity Ratio method was used to quantify the KNN prediction confidence. This variant used weights that were inversely proportional to the distance between each grain-size class and the inferred point to work out a value that played the role of similarity. While the KNN algorithm and Python libraries demonstrated their efficacy for obtaining 3D models of the stratigraphic arrangement of sedimentary porous media, the KNN prediction confidence verified the certainty of the 3D models. In the Llobregat River Delta, the KNN prediction confidence at each prospecting depth was a function of the available data density at that depth. As expected, the KNN prediction confidence decreased according to the decreasing data density at lower depths. The obtained average-weighted confidence was in the 0.44\u22120.53 range for gravel bodies at prospecting depths in the 12.7\u221272.4 m b.s.l. range and was in the 0.42\u22120.55 range for coarse sand bodies at prospecting depths in the 4.6\u221283.9 m b.s.l. range. In a couple of cases, spurious average-weighted confidences of 0.29 in one gravel body and 0.30 in one coarse sand body were obtained. These figures were interpreted as the result of the quite different weights of neighbors from different grain-size classes at short distances. The KNN algorithm confidence has proven its suitability for identifying these anomalous results in the supposedly well-depurated grain-size database used in this study. The introduced KNN algorithm confidence quantifies the reliability of the 3D interactive models, which is a necessary stage to make decisions in economic and environmental geology. In the Llobregat River Delta, this quantification clearly improves groundwater exploration predictability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse11010060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T03:50:32Z","timestamp":1672631432000},"page":"60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Confidence of a k-Nearest Neighbors Python Algorithm for the 3D Visualization of Sedimentary Porous Media"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6914-8052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Bullejos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de \u00c1lgebra, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7823-6756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Cabezas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lisis Matem\u00e1tico, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5797-9892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Medio Ambiente, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8165-8669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Alcal\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desertificaci\u00f3n y Geo-Ecolog\u00eda, Estaci\u00f3n Experimental de Zonas \u00c1ridas (EEZA\u2013CSIC), 04120 Almeria, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 7500138, Chile"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-3004(00)00142-4","article-title":"Three-dimensional geological modelling of potential-field data","volume":"27","author":"Jessell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2007.09.001","article-title":"High-resolution 3D spatial modelling of complex geological structures for an environmental risk assessment of abundant mining and industrial megasites","volume":"35","author":"Wycisk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"205","article-title":"Geological 3D modelling: Scientific discovery and enhanced understanding of the subsurface, with examples from the UK","volume":"161","author":"Ford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Z. Der Dtsch. Ges. Fur Geowiss."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2020.105588","article-title":"Combining borehole log-stratigraphies and ambient vibration data to build a 3D Model of the Lower Var Valley, Nice (France)","volume":"270","author":"Rohmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2022, June 09). GemPy: Open-Source 3D Geological Modeling. Available online: https:\/\/www.gempy.org."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2022, June 09). OSGeo: The Open Source Geospatial Foundation. Available online: https:\/\/www.osgeo.org\/."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2022, June 09). GeoPandas. Available online: https:\/\/geopandas.org\/en\/stable."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2022, June 09). Albion: 3D Geological Models in QGIS. Available online: https:\/\/gitlab.com\/Oslandia\/albion."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2022, June 09). GISgeography. 15 Python Libraries for GIS and Mapping. Available online: https:\/\/gisgeography.com\/python-libraries-gis-mapping."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Parpoil, B. (2022, June 09). Open Source and Geology. Available online: https:\/\/oslandia.com\/en\/2020\/07\/09\/geologie-open-source."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2006.94","article-title":"Web-based visualization of 3D geospatial data using Java3D","volume":"26","author":"Hobona","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2017.11.007","article-title":"3D geospatial visualizations: Animation and motion effects on spatial objects","volume":"111","author":"Evangelidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/00087041.2015.1119462","article-title":"Cartography-oriented design of 3D geospatial information visualization\u2013overview and techniques","volume":"52","author":"Semmo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cartogr. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miao, R., Song, J., and Zhu, Y. (2017, January 7\u201310). 3D geographic scenes visualization based on WebGL. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics, Fairfax VA, USA. Available online: https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/stamp\/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8046999.","DOI":"10.1109\/Agro-Geoinformatics.2017.8046999"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Husillos, C. (2022, November 17). cesarhusrod\/sarai_piezo_precip: Mejora de la Documentaci\u00f3n (v1.0.1). Zenodo. Available online: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7197288."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Pyrcz, M. (2022, June 09). GeostatsGuy Lectures. Available online: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/GeostatsGuyLectures."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bullejos, M., Cabezas, D., Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn, M., and Alcal\u00e1, F.J. (2022). A Python Application for Visualizing the 3D Stratigraphic Architecture of the Onshore Llobregat River Delta in NE Spain. Water, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/w14121882"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bullejos, M., Cabezas, D., Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn, M., and Alcal\u00e1, F.J. (2022). A K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm in Python for Visualizing the 3D Stratigraphic Architecture of the Llobregat River Delta in NE Spain. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse10070986"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delany, S.J., Cunningham, P., and Doyle, D. (2005). Generating estimates of classification confidence for a case-based spam filter. International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/11536406_16"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Hu, R., Delany, S.J., and Mac Namee, B. (2009, January 20\u221223). Sampling with confidence: Using k-nn confidence measures in active learning. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Case-based Reasoning, ICCBR, Seattle, WA, USA."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"118","article-title":"Confidence Measures in Multiclass Speech Emotion Recognition using Ensemble Learning to Catch Blunders","volume":"2","author":"Murphy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Technol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"436","article-title":"Seawater intrusion in the Llobregat Delta near Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain)","volume":"Volume 45","author":"Custodio","year":"1987","journal-title":"Groundwater Problems in the Coastal Areas, Studies and Reports in Hydrology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W09415","DOI":"10.1029\/2005WR004524","article-title":"Optimal design of measures to correct seawater intrusion","volume":"42","author":"Abarca","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pce.2006.07.008","article-title":"Groundwater modelling as a tool for the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) application. The Llobregat case","volume":"31","author":"Abarca","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Earth"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142377","article-title":"Investigative monitoring of pesticide and nitrogen pollution sources in a complex multi-stressed catchment: The lower Llobregat River basin case study (Barcelona, Spain)","volume":"755","author":"Postigo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(1994). Resolution 12956\/1994. Cooperation agreement on infrastructure and environment in the Llobregat Delta. Official Journal of Spain, Government of Spain. Available online: https:\/\/www.boe.es\/diario_boe\/txt.php?id=BOE-A-1994-12956."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2004). Official Statement. The water authority of Catalonia creates the technical unit of the Llobregat Aquifers. Official Journal of Catalonia, Department of the Environment and Housing, Government of Catalonia. Available online: https:\/\/govern.cat\/salapremsa\/notes-premsa\/68710\/agencia-catalana-aigua-crea-mesa-tecnica-dels-aqueifers-del-llobregat."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Medialdea, J., and Sol\u00e9-Sabar\u00eds, L. (1973). Geological Map of Spain, Scale 1:50,000, Sheet n\u00ba 420, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Memory and Maps, Geological Survey of Spain. Available online: http:\/\/info.igme.es\/cartografiadigital\/geologica\/Magna50Hoja.aspx?language=es&id=420."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Medialdea, J., and Sol\u00e9-Sabar\u00eds, L. (1991). Geological Map of Spain, Scale 1:50,000, Sheet n\u00ba 448, El Prat de Llobregat, Memory and Maps, Geological Survey of Spain. Available online: http:\/\/info.igme.es\/cartografiadigital\/geologica\/Magna50Hoja.aspx?language=es&id=448."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Almera, J. (2022, April 18). Mapa Geol\u00f3gico y Topogr\u00e1fico De La Provincia De Barcelona: Regi\u00f3n Primera o De Contornos de la Capital Detallada, Scale 1:40,000, Memory and Maps, Diputaci\u00f3n de Barcelona, Barcelona. Available online: https:\/\/cartotecadigital.icgc.cat\/digital\/collection\/catalunya\/id\/2174."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Alonso, F., Pe\u00f3n, A., Rosell, J., Arrufat, J., and Obrador, A. (1974). Geological Map of Spain, Scale 1:50,000, Sheet n\u00ba 421, Barcelona, Memory and Maps, Geological Survey of Spain. Available online: http:\/\/info.igme.es\/cartografiadigital\/geologica\/Magna50Hoja.aspx?language=es&id=421."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"321","article-title":"Tectomorfolog\u00eda del Macizo del Tibidabo y valle inferior del Llobregat","volume":"3","author":"Llopis","year":"1942","journal-title":"Estud. Geogr\u00e1ficos"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"7","article-title":"Ensayo de interpretaci\u00f3n del Cuaternario Barcelon\u00e9s","volume":"2","year":"1963","journal-title":"Misc. Barcinonensia"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Marqu\u00e9s, M.A. (1984). Les Formacions Quatern\u00e0ries del Delta del Llobregat, Institut d\u2019Estudis Catalans."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Manzano, M. (1986). Estudio Sedimentol\u00f3gico del Prodelta Holoceno del Llobregat. [Master\u2019s Thesis, University of Barcelona]."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"IGME (1989). Geological Map of the Spanish Continental Shelf and Adjacent Areas, Scale 1:200,000, Sheet n\u00ba 42E., Barcelona, Memory and Maps, Geological Survey of Spain. Available online: https:\/\/info.igme.es\/cartografiadigital\/tematica\/Fomar200Hoja.aspx?language=es&id=42E."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"IGME (1986). Geological Map of the Spanish Continental Shelf and Adjacent Areas, Scale 1:200,000, Sheet n\u00ba 42, Tarragona, Memory and Maps, Geological Survey of Spain. Available online: https:\/\/info.igme.es\/cartografiadigital\/tematica\/Fomar200Hoja.aspx?language=es&id=42."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"49","article-title":"La plataforma holocena en el prodelta del Llobregat","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Obrador","year":"1983","journal-title":"X Congreso Nacional de Sedimentolog\u00eda"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(96)03290-8","article-title":"Inverse modelling of seawater intrusion in the Llobregat delta deep aquifer","volume":"198","author":"Iribar","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sedgeo.2009.03.007","article-title":"Onshore\u2013offshore correlation of the Llobregat deltaic system, Spain: Development of deltaic geometries under different relative sea-level and growth fault influences","volume":"217","author":"Lobo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sediment. Geol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"42","article-title":"Sobre la intrusi\u00f3n marina en el sector oriental del acu\u00edfero profundo del delta del Llobregat (Barcelona, Espa\u00f1a). Breve descripci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica y evoluci\u00f3n actual","volume":"97","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn Real Soc. Espa\u00f1ola Hist. Nat."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"45","article-title":"Actualizaci\u00f3n geol\u00f3gica del delta del Llobregat (Barcelona, Espa\u00f1a). Implicaciones geol\u00f3gicas e hidrogeol\u00f3gicas","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Ramos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tecnolog\u00eda de la Intrusi\u00f3n de Agua de Mar en Acu\u00edferos Costeros: Pa\u00edses Mediterr\u00e1neos"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"23","article-title":"Caracter\u00edsticas estructurales y estratigr\u00e1ficas del substrato Plioceno del Delta de Llobregat (Barcelona, Espa\u00f1a). Aplicaci\u00f3n a los estudios hidrogeol\u00f3gicos","volume":"5","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geo-Temas"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"171","article-title":"Arquitectura de facies de los deltas cuaternarios del r\u00edo Llobregat, Barcelona, Espa\u00f1a","volume":"38","author":"Salvany","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geogaceta"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"483","article-title":"Circulaci\u00f3n marina en la plataforma continental del Ebro determinada a partir de la distribuci\u00f3n de masas de agua y los microcontaminantes org\u00e1nicos en el sedimento","volume":"21","author":"Font","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Geol. Hisp."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0037-0738(97)00035-3","article-title":"Stratal architecture of Western Mediterranean Margins as the result of the stacking of Quaternary lowstand deposits below \u2018glacio-eustatic fluctuation base-level\u2019","volume":"112","author":"Chiocci","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sediment. Geol."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Alcal\u00e1, F.J., Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn, M., and Garc\u00eda-Ruz, A. A lithology database from historical 457 boreholes in the Llobregat River Delta aquifers in northeastern Spain. Figshare Dataset, 2020."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"(2022, June 09). Python Programming Language. Available online: https:\/\/www.python.org."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"(2022, June 13). Numpy. Available online: https:\/\/numpy.org."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"(2022, June 13). Pandas. Available online: https:\/\/pandas.pydata.org."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"(2022, June 09). Plotly. Available online: https:\/\/plotly.com."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"(2022, June 13). Scipy. Available online: https:\/\/scipy.org."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"(2022, June 13). Scikit-learn. Available online: https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/install.html#installation-instructions."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"(2022, June 13). GEODOSE. Available online: https:\/\/www.geodose.com\/2019\/09\/3d-terrain-modelling-in-python.html."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.08.021","article-title":"A generalized mean distance-based k-nearest neighbor classifier","volume":"115","author":"Gou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"538","article-title":"Machine Learning: Using Optimized KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors) to Predict the Facies Classifications","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Pratama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 13th SEGJ International Symposium"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2018.03.034","article-title":"Lithology identification using an optimized KNN clustering method based on entropy-weighed co-sine distance in Mesozoic strata of Gaoqing field, Jiyang depression","volume":"166","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pet. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, S., Huang, M., and Lyu, Y. (2020). An Improved KNN-Based Slope Stability Prediction Model. Adv. Civ. Eng., 8894109.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8894109"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1086\/622910","article-title":"A Scale of Grade and Class Terms for Clastic Sediments","volume":"30","author":"Wentworth","year":"1922","journal-title":"J. Geol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v055.i08","article-title":"texreg: Conversion of Statistical Model Output in R to LATEX and HTML Tables","volume":"55","author":"Leifeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.11.004","article-title":"A stacking model using URL and HTML features for phishing webpage detection","volume":"94","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gur, I., Nachum, O., Miao, Y., Safdari, M., Huang, A., Chowdhery, A., Narang, S., Fiedel, N., and Faust, A. (2022). Understanding HTML with Large Language Models. arXiv.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-emnlp.185"},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"(2022, September 09). Scikit-learn: KNeighborsClassifier, Predict_Proba. Available online: https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier.html#sklearn.neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier.predict_proba."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1344\/GeologicaActa2020.18.10","article-title":"The Neogene and Quaternary deposits of the Barcelona city through the high-speed train line","volume":"18","author":"Salvany","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geologica Acta"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"93","article-title":"Estratigraf\u00eda y petrolog\u00eda del subsuelo precuaternario del sector SW de la depresi\u00f3n de Barcelona (Cadenas Costeras Catalanas, NE de Iberia)","volume":"21","author":"Parcerisa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Geol\u00f3gica Espa\u00f1a"}],"container-title":["Journal of Marine Science and Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1312\/11\/1\/60\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:55:52Z","timestamp":1760118952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1312\/11\/1\/60"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jmse11010060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jmse11010060","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-1312"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-1312"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}}}