{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:10:00Z","timestamp":1773115800416,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia","award":["FMWE-2022-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FMWE-2022-0003"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia","award":["FMWE 2021-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FMWE 2021-0001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia","award":["0128 2021 0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0128 2021 0007"]}]},{"name":"Research Council of Norway, project EISVAL","award":["FMWE-2022-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FMWE-2022-0003"]}]},{"name":"Research Council of Norway, project EISVAL","award":["FMWE 2021-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FMWE 2021-0001"]}]},{"name":"Research Council of Norway, project EISVAL","award":["0128 2021 0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0128 2021 0007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMSE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plastic is recognized as a threat to marine ecosystems, and estimating the level of plastic and microplastics (MPs) pollution of the World Ocean is, nowadays, the goal of many studies. However, the use of different methods for the sampling and analysis of MPs leads to the problem of comparing the results obtained. Studies on surface MPs pollution of the surface sea water are based on the application of the manta or neuston nets that collect water from the upper 10\u201320 cm layer (the \u201csurface\u201d MPs) or submersible pumping systems that collect water from the water layer 3 to 5 m below the sea surface (the \u201csubsurface\u201d MPs). These two techniques allow the collection of particles of different size fractions, i.e., &gt;300 \u00b5m for the surface MPs and &gt;100 \u00b5m for the subsurface MP. However, it is shown that microplastics found in the surface and subsurface layers differ not only in the size of the items found, but also in morphology, types of polymers, abundance, weight concentration and their spatial distribution. Different hydrodynamic processes affect the fate of the plastic found exactly at the sea surface and several meters deeper. The aim of this work was to study the distribution of surface and subsurface MPs and to reveal an influence of oceanographic conditions on their spatial distribution, using as an example the open ocean waters of the Central Atlantic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse11010210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T03:28:10Z","timestamp":1673580490000},"page":"210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Differences in the Fate of Surface and Subsurface Microplastics: A Case Study in the Central Atlantic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7313-5665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Zhdanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Pakhomova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0579 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Anfisa","family":"Berezina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0579 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7515-6398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ksenia","family":"Silvestrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Stepanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5008-9611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeniy","family":"Yakushev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0579 Oslo, Norway"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Crawford, C.B., and Quinn, B. 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