{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:49Z","timestamp":1773878449061,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["SFRH\/BD\/138755\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/138755\/2018"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["SFRH\/BD\/146153\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/146153\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["CEECIND\/00459\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00459\/2018"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019370","name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019370","name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/138755\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/138755\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019370","name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/146153\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/146153\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019370","name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/00459\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00459\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMSE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The interaction between tide, river runoff, and wind in coastal lagoons induces complex salinity gradients, which are remarkable when the meteorological forcing is exacerbated. This work aims to characterize the salinity structure under extreme freshwater and wind events in the Ria de Aveiro coastal lagoon (Portugal). The Delft3D model was implemented and validated in 3D mode and used to perform simulations forced with extreme freshwater and wind scenarios. Results show that forcing conditions determine salinity stratification intensity and location. Generally, stratification increases as the freshwater increases, while the salinity intrusion moves downstream. Extreme wind tends to destroy stratification but fails to promote full-depth mixing, which is also dependent on the wind direction, as shown for the Espinheiro channel. The salinity intrusion is also impacted by wind events, being NW storms responsible for an upstream salt transport along the Mira channel and a downstream transport along the Espinheiro channel, and SW storms for an upstream displacement of the salinity intrusion along the S\u00e3o Jacinto channel. Finally, it is observed that the advection of a freshwater plume from the Vouga River into the middle of the S\u00e3o Jacinto channel under high freshwater scenarios causes an unusual local salinity pattern. This plume can either be pushed upstream or prevented from entering the channel, depending on the wind direction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse11071338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T16:06:37Z","timestamp":1688141197000},"page":"1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of Extreme Wind and Freshwater Runoff on the Salinity Patterns of a Mesotidal Coastal Lagoon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8685-5194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Picado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2291-5549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0872-1289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina Lurdes","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7613-6241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Miguel","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-3227(89)90097-2","article-title":"Geographic and Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Shallow Coastal Lagoons","volume":"88","author":"Kjerfve","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0422-9894(08)70006-0","article-title":"Chapter 1 Coastal Lagoons","volume":"Volume 60","author":"Kjerfve","year":"1994","journal-title":"Elsevier Oceanography Series"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0422-9894(08)70009-6","article-title":"Chapter 4 Water, Salt and Heat Balance of Coastal Lagoons","volume":"Volume 60","author":"Kjerfve","year":"1994","journal-title":"Elsevier Oceanography Series"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2011.02.010","article-title":"Process Study of Circulation in the Pearl River Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters in the Wet Season Using a Triply Nested Circulation Model","volume":"38","author":"Ji","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-011-9423-5","article-title":"Climate Forcing and Salinity Variability in Chesapeake Bay, USA","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Estuaries Coasts"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2021.107689","article-title":"Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Salinity in a Large West-African Lagoon (Nokou\u00e9 Lagoon, Benin)","volume":"264","author":"Okpeitcha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2307\/1352953","article-title":"The Influence of Local and Non-Local Forcing Effects on the Subtidal Circulation of Patos Lagoon","volume":"24","author":"Moller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Estuaries"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/S1679-87592006000100001","article-title":"A Modeling Study of Patos Lagoon (Brazil): Flow Response to Idealized Wind and River Discharge: Dynamical Analysis","volume":"54","author":"Castelao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Braz. J. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"102161","article-title":"Importance of Winds, Freshwater Discharge and Retention Time in the Space\u2013Time Variability of Phytoplankton Biomass in a Shallow Microtidal Estuary","volume":"50","author":"Andrade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2022.108092","article-title":"Wind Effects on the Circulation of a Geometrically Complex Small Estuary","volume":"278","author":"Sutherland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.5194\/os-9-573-2013","article-title":"Investigation of Saline Water Intrusions into the Curonian Lagoon (Lithuania) and Two-Layer Flow in the Klaipeda Strait Using Finite Element Hydrodynamic Model","volume":"9","author":"Zemlys","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ocean Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02693915","article-title":"Control of Estuarine Stratification and Mixing by Wind-Induced Straining of the Estuarine Density Field","volume":"28","author":"Scully","year":"2005","journal-title":"Estuaries"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3354\/cr018017","article-title":"Historical Changes of Bottom Topography and Tidal Amplitude in the Ria de Aveiro, Portugal\u2014Trends for Future Evolution","volume":"18","author":"Silva","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clim. Res"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2013.12.030","article-title":"The Influence of Channel Deepening on Estuarine Turbidity Levels and Dynamics, as Exemplified by the Ems Estuary","volume":"139","author":"Schuttelaars","year":"2014","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JC014313","article-title":"Bigger Tides, Less Flooding: Effects of Dredging on Barotropic Dynamics in a Highly Modified Estuary","volume":"124","author":"Ralston","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Oceans"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias, J.M., Pereira, F., Picado, A., Lopes, C.L., Pinheiro, J.P., Lopes, S.M., and Pinho, P.G. (2021). A Comprehensive Estuarine Hydrodynamics-Salinity Study: Impact of Morphologic Changes on Ria de Aveiro (Atlantic Coast of Portugal). J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse9020234"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JC010311","article-title":"Wind-Driven Modifications to the Residual Circulation in an Ebb-Tidal Delta: Arcachon Lagoon, Southwestern France","volume":"120","author":"Salles","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Oceans"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.2112\/SI70-103.1","article-title":"Residual Currents and Transport Pathways in the Tagus Estuary, Portugal: The Role of Freshwater Discharge and Wind","volume":"70","author":"Vaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-016-0150-9","article-title":"Effects of External Nutrient Sources and Extreme Weather Events on the Nutrient Budget of a Southern European Coastal Lagoon","volume":"40","author":"Malta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Estuaries Coasts"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, A.F., Sousa, M., Picado, A., Ribeiro, A.S., Dias, J.M., and Vaz, N. (2022). Circulation and Transport Processes during an Extreme Freshwater Discharge Event at the Tagus Estuary. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse10101410"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2017.05.001","article-title":"Numerical Simulation of the Wind Influence on Bottom Shear Stress and Salinity Fields in Areas of Zostera Noltei Replanting in a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon","volume":"163","author":"Alekseenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-4343(02)00033-X","article-title":"The Patos Lagoon Hydrodynamics during an El Ni\u00f1o Event (1998)","volume":"22","author":"Fernandes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Dias, J.M. (2001). Contribution to the Study of the Ria de Aveiro Hydrodynamics. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade de Aveiro]."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Vaz, N. (2007). Study of Heat and Salt Transport Processes in the Espinheiro Channel (Ria de Aveiro). [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade de Aveiro]."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2017.03.001","article-title":"An Evaluation of Climate Change Effects in Estuarine Salinity Patterns: Application to Ria de Aveiro Shallow Water System","volume":"189","author":"Vargas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2007.02.005","article-title":"Residual Circulation and Sediment Distribution in the Ria de Aveiro Lagoon, Portugal","volume":"68","author":"Lopes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0088(19990330)19:4<379::AID-JOC357>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Dependence of Winter Precipitation over Portugal on NAO and Baroclinic Wave Activity","volume":"19","author":"Ulbrich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L07703","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL029084","article-title":"On the Relation between Extremes of Midlatitude Cyclones and the Atmospheric Circulation Using ERA40","volume":"34","author":"Raible","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2004.05.010","article-title":"Storminess and Surges in the Southwestern Approaches of the Eastern North Atlantic: The Synoptic Climatology of Recent Extreme Coastal Storms","volume":"210","author":"Betts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-13-2239-2013","article-title":"Explosive Development of Winter Storm Xynthia over the Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean","volume":"13","author":"Liberato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wace.2014.06.002","article-title":"The 19 January 2013 Windstorm over the North Atlantic: Large-Scale Dynamics and Impacts on Iberia","volume":"5","author":"Liberato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Weather Clim. Extrem."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Ferreira, J.A., Pradhan, P.K., and Liberato, M.L.R. (2014, January 22\u201325). Impacts of extratropical cyclone Stephanie assessed by a high resolution model setting. Proceedings of the International Conference Mathematics and Engineering in Marine and Earth Problems (MEME\u20192014), Aveiro, Portugal."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2020.104132","article-title":"Tide-Surge Interaction in Ria de Aveiro Lagoon and Its Influence in Local Inundation Patterns","volume":"200","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silveira, F., Lopes, C.L., Pinheiro, J.P., Pereira, H., and Dias, J.M. (2021). Coastal Floods Induced by Mean Sea Level Rise\u2014Ecological and Socioeconomic Impacts on a Mesotidal Lagoon. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse9121430"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.2112\/SI65-130.1","article-title":"Flooding Assessment under Sea Level Rise Scenarios: Ria de Aveiro Case Study","volume":"65","author":"Lopes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-1784(00)87681-1","article-title":"Hydrological Characterisation of Ria de Aveiro, Portugal, in Early Summer","volume":"22","author":"Dias","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oceanol. Acta"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Lopes, C.L. (2016). Flood Risk Assessment in Ria de Aveiro Under Present and Future Scenarios. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade de Aveiro]."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.2112\/SI65-196.1","article-title":"Influence of Morphological Changes in a Lagoon Flooding Extension: Case Study of Ria de Aveiro (Portugal)","volume":"165","author":"Lopes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2008.02.001","article-title":"Model Simulations of Tidal Changes in a Coastal Lagoon, the Ria de Aveiro (Portugal)","volume":"28","author":"Dias","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Silva, J.F. (1994). Circula\u00e7\u00e3o Da \u00c1gua Na Ria de Aveiro: Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o Para o Estudo Da Qualidade Da \u00c1gua. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade de Aveiro]."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02334807","article-title":"Environmental Gradients in a Southern Europe Estuarine System: Ria de Aveiro, Portugal Implications for Soft Bottom Macrofauna Colonization","volume":"27","author":"Moreira","year":"1993","journal-title":"Netherland J. Aquat. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S1464-1909(00)00028-9","article-title":"Tidal Propagation in Ria de Aveiro Lagoon, Portugal","volume":"25","author":"Dias","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Earth Part B Hydrol. Ocean. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2007.09.001","article-title":"Effect of Low Salinity on the Survival of Recently Hatched Veliger of Nassarius Reticulatus (L.) in Estuarine Habitats: A Case Study of Ria de Aveiro","volume":"59","author":"Sousa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sea Res."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"41","article-title":"Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o Hidr\u00e1ulica e Aluvionar da Ria de Aveiro\u2014Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de Modelos Hidr\u00e1ulicos no Estudo de Problemas","volume":"3","author":"Vicente","year":"1985","journal-title":"Jorn. Ria Aveiro"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Dias, J.M., Fonseca, A., Picado, A., Lopes, C.L., Silva, J., Vaz, L., Mendes, R., and Plecha, S. (2011). Estudos da Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o e da Din\u00e2mica Costeira e Estuarina da Ria de Aveiro no \u00e2mbito do Polis Litoral da Ria de Aveiro, Universidade de Aveiro. 3rd Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Deltares (2022). Delft3D-FLOW User Manual, Deltares."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Cavalinhos, R., Correia, R., Rosa, P., Lillebo, A.I., and Pinheiro, L.M. (2020). Processed Multibeam Bathymetry Data Collected around the Ria de Aveiro, Portugal, Onboard the NEREIDE Research Vessel [Data Set], Zenodo."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"EMODnet Bathymetry Consortium (2023, January 02). EMODnet Digital Bathymetry (DTM 2020). Available online: https:\/\/sextant.ifremer.fr\/record\/bb6a87dd-e579-4036-abe1-e649cea9881a\/."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011157212596","article-title":"Ocean Tide Models Developed by Assimilating TOPEX\/POSEIDON Altimeter Data into Hydrodynamical Model: A Global Model and a Regional Model around Japan","volume":"56","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Copernicus Marine Service (2023, January 11). Atlantic-Iberian Biscay Irish- Ocean Physics Reanalysis. Available online: https:\/\/data.marine.copernicus.eu\/product\/IBI_MULTIYEAR_BGC_005_003\/description."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.3803","article-title":"The ERA5 Global Reanalysis","volume":"146","author":"Hersbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3800(89)90041-0","article-title":"Simulation Modelling of the Coastal Waters Pollution from Agricultural Watershed","volume":"49","author":"Krysanova","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"929","article-title":"Climate Change Impact Assessment on Water Inflow to a Coastal Lagoon: The Ria de Aveiro Watershed, Portugal","volume":"60","author":"Stefanova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hydrol. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"1490","article-title":"Impact of Morphologic Anthropogenic and Natural Changes in Estuarine Tidal Dynamics","volume":"64","author":"Dias","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2008.03.011","article-title":"Skill Assessment for Coupled Biological\/Physical Models of Marine Systems","volume":"76","author":"Stow","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C05001","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JC002691","article-title":"Numerical Modeling of an Estuary: A Comprehensive Skill Assessment","volume":"110","author":"Warner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1694(93)90004-S","article-title":"A Comprehensive Surface-Groundwater Flow Model","volume":"142","author":"Arnold","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"18","article-title":"Dynamics of a Temperate Fluvial Estuary in Early Winter","volume":"7","author":"Vaz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Glob. Int. J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2007.05.002","article-title":"Hydrographic Characterization of an Estuarine Tidal Channel","volume":"70","author":"Vaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pce.2016.01.001","article-title":"On the Relationship between Atmospheric Water Vapour Transport and Extra-Tropical Cyclones Development","volume":"94","author":"Ferreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Earth."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.2307\/1942069","article-title":"Isohaline Position as a Habitat Indicator for Estuarine Populations","volume":"5","author":"Jassby","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrc.20172","article-title":"Spatio-Temporal Distribution, along-Channel Transport, and Post-Riverflood Recovery of Salinity in the Guadalquivir Estuary (SW Spain)","volume":"118","author":"Contreras","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2017.07.010","article-title":"Modeling Salt Intrusion in the San Francisco Estuary Prior to Anthropogenic Influence","volume":"146","author":"Andrews","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2018.10.016","article-title":"Saltwater Intrusion in a Subtropical Estuary","volume":"217","year":"2019","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2008.10.017","article-title":"Numerical Modeling of the Impact of the Anc\u00e3o Inlet Relocation (Ria Formosa, Portugal)","volume":"24","author":"Dias","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Numerical Modeling Changes Induced by the Low Lying Areas Adjacent to Ria de Aveiro","volume":"64","author":"Mendes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1007\/s10236-005-0015-4","article-title":"Horizontal Patterns of Water Temperature and Salinity in an Estuarine Tidal Channel: Ria de Aveiro","volume":"55","author":"Vaz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ocean Dyn."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2007.12.005","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Modelling of a Tidal Channel: The Espinheiro Channel (Portugal)","volume":"29","author":"Vaz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cont. Shelf Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Marine Science and Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1312\/11\/7\/1338\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:04:08Z","timestamp":1760126648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1312\/11\/7\/1338"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jmse11071338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jmse11071338","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-1312"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-1312","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]}}}