{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T23:39:42Z","timestamp":1772840382616,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Integral alternative for the exploitation of macroalgae in the area of Galicia and Portugal","award":["0558_ALGALUP_6_E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0558_ALGALUP_6_E"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UID\/50006 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["2022.00885.CEECIND\/CP1728\/CT0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.00885.CEECIND\/CP1728\/CT0013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JMSE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to valorize Codium sp. and Osmundea sp. as functional ingredients for European seabass diets. For this purpose, triplicate groups of 25 fish (20.6 g) were fed, during 8 weeks, one of seven diets: the control (CTR), 5% of Codium and Osmundea ground (diets CO and OS, respectively), 5% of Codium and Osmundea ground and autoclaved (diets COA and OSA, respectively), and 0.5% of Codium and Osmundea polysaccharide extracts (diets COP and OSP, respectively). The same diets were used for a digestibility trial. Fish fed the CO diet presented lower growth and an apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) for dry matter and protein compared to fish fed the CTR and OS diets. Diet COA counteracted these negative effects. No differences were observed in feed intake, feed efficiency, and lipid ADC. Antioxidant enzyme activities and distal intestine histomorphology, an indicator of gut health, were not affected. The expression of interleukin-1\u03b2 and interleukin-6 increased in fish fed the COP diet. In conclusion, the processing methods counteracted the negative effects of raw Codium, enhancing its value as a dietary ingredient, while its polysaccharides showed immunomodulatory potential that could be valuable during stress or disease periods. These findings support the valorization of these algae for aquafeeds, with Osmundea being safely included at 5% without processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse13101884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T07:58:13Z","timestamp":1759305493000},"page":"1884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Towards Sustainable Aquafeeds: Valorization of Codium sp. and Osmundea sp. as Functional Ingredients to Enhance Nutrient and Bioactive Compounds in European Seabass"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3072-8364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Fontinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9968-8575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7885-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Mar\u00e7al","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9460-6369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0552-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Soula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANFACO\u2013CECOPESCA, Estrada Colexio Universitario, 16, Vigo, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5730-836X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aires","family":"Oliva-Teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6248-0500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Enes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Couto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2024). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024. Blue Transformation in Action."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Eurostat (2024, September 03). EU Fisheries Remained Ahead of Aquaculture in 2022, Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/products-eurostat-news\/w\/ddn-20240731-1."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/jwas.12948","article-title":"Harvesting the benefits of nutritional research to address global challenges in the 21st century","volume":"54","author":"Glencross","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. World Aquac. 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