{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:40:41Z","timestamp":1771461641688,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["243702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["243702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMSE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Assessing the relative importance of sea ice algal-based production is often vital for studies about climate change impacts on Arctic marine ecosystems. Several types of lipid biomarkers and stable isotope ratios are widely used for tracing sea ic-associated (sympagic) vs. pelagic particulate organic matter (POM) in marine food webs. However, there has been limited understanding about the plasticity of these compounds in space and time, which constrains the robustness of some of those approaches. Furthermore, some of the markers are compromised by not being unambiguously specific for sea ice algae, whereas others might only be produced by a small sub-group of species. We analyzed fatty acids, highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs), stable isotope ratios of particulate organic carbon (POC) (\u03b413C), as well as \u03b413C of selected fatty acid markers during an Arctic sea ice algal bloom, focusing on spatial and temporal variability. We found remarkable differences between these approaches and show that inferences about bloom characteristics might even be contradictory between markers. The impact of environmental factors as causes of this considerable variability is highlighted and explained. We emphasize that awareness and, in some cases, caution is required when using lipid and stable isotope markers as tracers in food web studies and offer recommendations for the proper application of these valuable approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse8090676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T11:07:14Z","timestamp":1599044834000},"page":"676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Spatial and Temporal Variability of Ice Algal Trophic Markers\u2014With Recommendations about Their Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5328-3396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Leu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Akvaplan-Niva, CIENS, Gaustadall\u00e9en 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Association of Marine Sciences, Oban PA37 1QA, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2294-1915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Graeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2344-0047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jozef","family":"Wiktor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Science, 81-712 Sopot, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2509-0546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara J. M.","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Chierici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research, Fram Centre, 9007 Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Arctic Geophysics, University Centre of Svalbard, 9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway"}]},{"given":"Agneta","family":"Fransson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic Geophysics, University Centre of Svalbard, 9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Polar Institute, 9296 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}]},{"given":"Sander","family":"Verbiest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic Biology, University Centre of Svalbard, 9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7678-5233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ane C.","family":"Kvernvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic Biology, University Centre of Svalbard, 9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0054-3131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Greenacre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akvaplan-Niva, CIENS, Gaustadall\u00e9en 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arrigo, K.R., van Dijken, G., and Pabi, S. 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