{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T12:00:11Z","timestamp":1785585611208,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001738","name":"Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1001829007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1001829007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001738","name":"Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1001802444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1001802444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["1001829007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1001829007"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02heb2n75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["1001802444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1001802444"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02heb2n75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psilocybin-producing mushrooms exhibit considerable biochemical diversity, yet the extent of variability among strains within a single species under standardized conditions remains insufficiently characterized. In this study, we quantified psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin, norbaeocystin, aeruginascin, and norpsilocin in the fruiting bodies of 14 distinct strains of Psilocybe cubensis. The mushroom strains were cultivated, dried, extracted, and analyzed under uniform laboratory conditions. Despite strict methodological standardization, total tryptamine concentrations varied by more than 7.8-fold among strains (from 2.62 to 20.65 mg\/g), with psilocybin consistently emerging as the dominant compound. Analysis of individual fruiting bodies within the selected strains revealed substantial intra-strain variability, with coefficients of variation for psilocybin ranging from 12.81% to 23.39% between individual fruiting bodies. These findings demonstrate that both inter- and intra-strain biochemical heterogeneity persist even under controlled conditions, underscoring the challenges of standardizing whole mushroom preparations for research or therapeutic use. Our results highlight the importance of strain selection, rigorous chemical profiling, and dosing precision in future pharmacological and clinical applications of P. cubensis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof12070486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T14:43:14Z","timestamp":1783003394000},"page":"486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Surprising Variability in Tryptamine Profiles of Psilocybe cubensis Fruiting Bodies: Inter- and Intra-Strain Differences Across 14 Strains Cultivated Under Controlled Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Amiel","family":"Sharchaton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Science Department, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel"},{"name":"Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, P.O.B. 97, Katzrin 1290000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilat","family":"Parsha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, P.O.B. 97, Katzrin 1290000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4634-7216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara P.","family":"Azerrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, P.O.B. 97, Katzrin 1290000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1853-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaron","family":"Dekel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, P.O.B. 97, Katzrin 1290000, Israel"},{"name":"The Cheryl Spencer Institute of Nursing Research, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisreen","family":"Rabah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, P.O.B. 97, Katzrin 1290000, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3109-9539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"P\u00e1len\u00ed\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic"},{"name":"3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8258-9407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyal","family":"Kurzbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Science Department, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel"},{"name":"Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, P.O.B. 97, Katzrin 1290000, Israel"},{"name":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2022.01.003","article-title":"Diversity, biology, and history of psilocybin-containing fungi: Suggestions for research and technological development","volume":"126","author":"Wiseman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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