{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T02:21:21Z","timestamp":1774664481232,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/BIO\/04565\/2013; UIDB\/04565\/2020; UID\/QUI\/00100\/2013 and PTDC\/BIA-MIC\/31515\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/BIO\/04565\/2013; UIDB\/04565\/2020; UID\/QUI\/00100\/2013 and PTDC\/BIA-MIC\/31515\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa 2020","award":["007317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["007317"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fungal infections and, in particular, those caused by species of the Candida genus, are growing at an alarming rate and have high associated rates of mortality and morbidity. These infections, generally referred as candidiasis, range from common superficial rushes caused by an overgrowth of the yeasts in mucosal surfaces to life-threatening disseminated mycoses. The success of currently used antifungal drugs to treat candidiasis is being endangered by the continuous emergence of resistant strains, specially among non-albicans Candida species. In this review article, the mechanisms of action of currently used antifungals, with emphasis on the mechanisms of resistance reported in clinical isolates, are reviewed. Novel approaches being taken to successfully inhibit growth of pathogenic Candida species, in particular those based on the exploration of natural or synthetic chemicals or on the activity of live probiotics, are also reviewed. It is expected that these novel approaches, either used alone or in combination with traditional antifungals, may contribute to foster the identification of novel anti-Candida therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6010023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T09:25:21Z","timestamp":1581413121000},"page":"23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["An Overview on Conventional and Non-Conventional Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Candidiasis and Underlying Resistance Mechanisms in Clinical Strains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4867-8975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara B.","family":"Salazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita S.","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno A.","family":"Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Joana","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6825-1696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Fernanda N. N.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno P.","family":"Mira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165rv113","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden killers: Human fungal infections","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Trans. Med"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bongomin, F., Gago, S., Oladele, R.O., and Denning, D.W. (2017). Global and Multi-National Prevalence of Fungal Diseases-Estimate Precision. J. 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