{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T05:26:35Z","timestamp":1771305995924,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BBB-BEP\/0385\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BBB-BEP\/0385\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERA-IB-2\/0003\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERA-IB-2\/0003\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/FIS-NAN\/6101\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/FIS-NAN\/6101\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/135204\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/135204\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/105975\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/105975\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04565\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04565\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04565\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04565\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/MULTI\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/MULTI\/04046\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Portuguese Platform of Bioimaging","award":["PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acetic acid is a major inhibitory compound in several industrial bioprocesses, in particular in lignocellulosic yeast biorefineries. Cell envelope remodeling, involving cell wall and plasma membrane composition, structure and function, is among the mechanisms behind yeast adaptation and tolerance to stress. Pdr18 is a plasma membrane ABC transporter of the pleiotropic drug resistance family and a reported determinant of acetic acid tolerance mediating ergosterol transport. This study provides evidence for the impact of Pdr18 expression in yeast cell wall during adaptation to acetic acid stress. The time-course of acetic-acid-induced transcriptional activation of cell wall biosynthetic genes (FKS1, BGL2, CHS3, GAS1) and of increased cell wall stiffness and cell wall polysaccharide content in cells with the PDR18 deleted, compared to parental cells, is reported. Despite the robust and more intense adaptive response of the pdr18\u0394 population, the stress-induced increase of cell wall resistance to lyticase activity was below parental strain levels, and the duration of the period required for intracellular pH recovery from acidification and growth resumption was higher in the less tolerant pdr18\u0394 population. The ergosterol content, critical for plasma membrane stabilization, suffered a drastic reduction in the first hour of cultivation under acetic acid stress, especially in pdr18\u0394 cells. Results revealed a crosstalk between plasma membrane ergosterol content and cell wall biophysical properties, suggesting a coordinated response to counteract the deleterious effects of acetic acid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8020103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T20:34:40Z","timestamp":1642970080000},"page":"103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Crosstalk between Yeast Cell Plasma Membrane Ergosterol Content and Cell Wall Stiffness under Acetic Acid Stress Involving Pdr18"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ricardo A.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3136-286X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia P.","family":"Godinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel V.","family":"Vitorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI\u2014Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Departament of Physics, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago T.","family":"Robalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI\u2014Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Departament of Physics, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9112-265X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0468-1910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio S.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI\u2014Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Departament of Physics, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2208-5183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"S\u00e1-Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-13035-0_4","article-title":"Physiological Genomics of the Highly Weak-Acid-Tolerant Food Spoilage Yeasts of Zygosaccharomyces bailii sensu lato","volume":"58","author":"Palma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00274","article-title":"Adaptive Response and Tolerance to Acetic Acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces bailii: A Physiological Genomics Perspective","volume":"9","author":"Palma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-9478-3","article-title":"Molecular and physiological basis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tolerance to adverse lignocellulose-based process conditions","volume":"103","author":"Cunha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2013.10.003","article-title":"Lignocellulosic ethanol production at high-gravity: Challenges and perspectives","volume":"32","author":"Koppram","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Lide, D.R. (2003). Dissociation constants of organic acids and bases. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-142-6-1385","article-title":"Mechanisms regulating the transport of acetic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"142","author":"Casal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2006.00089.x","article-title":"Yeast genes involved in response to lactic acid and acetic acid: Acidic conditions caused by the organic acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures induce expression of intracellular metal metabolism genes regulated by Aft1p","volume":"6","author":"Kawahata","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200700816","article-title":"Yeast protein expression profile during acetic acid-induced apoptosis indicates causal involvement of the TOR pathway","volume":"9","author":"Almeida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-9-79","article-title":"Genome-wide identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes required for tolerance to acetic acid","volume":"9","author":"Mira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Fact."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2007.00242.x","article-title":"Generic and specific transcriptional responses to different weak organic acids in anaerobic chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"7","author":"Abbott","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-010-2518-2","article-title":"Transcriptome shifts in response to furfural and acetic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"86","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2010.0048","article-title":"Genomic Expression Program Involving the Haa1p-Regulon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Response to Acetic Acid","volume":"14","author":"Mira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Omi. A J. Integr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-013-9909-1","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae T2 cells upon exposure to hardwood spent sulphite liquor: Comparison to acetic acid, furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural","volume":"103","author":"Bajwa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Int. J. Gen. Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42659","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42659","article-title":"RNA-Seq-based transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveal stress responses and programmed cell death induced by acetic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"7","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14122","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32266-9","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of Zygosaccharomyces bailii early response to acetic acid or copper stress mediated by ZbHaa1","volume":"8","author":"Antunes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2015.08.003","article-title":"Proteome and metabolome profiling of wild-type and YCA1-knock-out yeast cells during acetic acid-induced programmed cell death","volume":"128","author":"Longo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7860","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26128-7","article-title":"Pdr18 is involved in yeast response to acetic acid stress counteracting the decrease of plasma membrane ergosterol content and order","volume":"8","author":"Godinho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindberg, L., Santos, A.X.S., Riezman, H., Olsson, L., and Bettiga, M. (2013). Lipidomic Profiling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces bailii Reveals Critical Changes in Lipid Composition in Response to Acetic Acid Stress. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073936"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.25845","article-title":"Sphingolipids contribute to acetic acid resistance in Zygosaccharomyces bailii","volume":"113","author":"Lindahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12652","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92069-3","article-title":"Yeast adaptive response to acetic acid stress involves structural alterations and increased stiffness of the cell wall","volume":"11","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25304-6_2","article-title":"Cell Surface Interference with Plasma Membrane and Transport Processes in Yeasts","volume":"892","author":"Francois","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2014.12.019","article-title":"Building a patchwork\u2014The yeast plasma membrane as model to study lateral domain formation","volume":"1853","author":"Schuberth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00038-05","article-title":"Cell Wall Assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"70","author":"Lesage","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.1801","article-title":"An atomic force microscopy analysis of yeast mutants defective in cell wall architecture","volume":"27","author":"Dague","year":"2010","journal-title":"Yeast"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4789","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01213-16","article-title":"An Atomic Force Microscopy study of yeast response to ethanol stress: Evidence for a role of the plasma membrane in the nanomechanical properties of the cell walls","volume":"82","author":"Schiavone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pillet, F., Lemonier, S., Schiavone, M., Formosa, C., Martin-Yken, H., Francois, J.M., and Dague, E. (2014). Uncovering by Atomic Force Microscopy of an original circular structure at the yeast cell surface in response to heat shock. BMC Biol., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-12-6"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a004697","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a004697","article-title":"Membrane organization and lipid rafts","volume":"3","author":"Simons","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e02-02-0116","article-title":"A specific structural requirement for ergosterol in long-chain fatty acid synthesis mutants important for maintaining raft domains in yeast","volume":"13","author":"Eisenkolb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.49.100195.000523","article-title":"Physiological Implications of Sterol Biosynthesis in Yeast","volume":"49","author":"Parks","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1021\/jp803092z","article-title":"Using ergosterol to mitigate the deleterious effects of ethanol on bilayer structure","volume":"113","author":"Dickey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"2793","article-title":"Sorting of GPI-anchored proteins from yeast to mammals\u2014Common pathways at different sites?","volume":"127","author":"Zurzolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R062885","article-title":"GPI-anchored protein organization and dynamics at the cell surface","volume":"57","author":"Saha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2015.12.018","article-title":"Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins: Membrane organization and transport","volume":"1858","author":"Zurzolo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5433","DOI":"10.1021\/bi800005s","article-title":"Membrane features and activity of GPI-anchored enzymes: Alkaline phosphatase reconstituted in model membranes","volume":"47","author":"Sesana","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00167-9","article-title":"Nanoscale organization of multiple GPI-anchored proteins in living cell membranes","volume":"116","author":"Sharma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12635","article-title":"Yeast cell wall integrity sensors form specific plasma membrane microdomains important for signalling","volume":"18","author":"Kock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.1349","article-title":"Cell wall construction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"23","author":"Klis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Yeast"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12896","article-title":"Synthesis of mannosylinositol phosphorylceramides is involved in maintenance of cell integrity of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"95","author":"Morimoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0061(199712)13:15<1477::AID-YEA184>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"In Silicio identification of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored plansma-membrane and cell wall proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"15","author":"Caro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Yeast"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2021.10.014","article-title":"Exploring the biological function of efflux pumps for the development of superior industrial yeasts","volume":"74","author":"Godinho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"180","article-title":"MFS transporters required for multidrug\/multixenobiotic (MD\/MX) resistance in the model yeast: Understanding their physiological function through post-genomic approaches","volume":"5","author":"Teixeira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3943","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13964","article-title":"Transcription factors and ABC transporters: From pleiotropic drug resistance to cellular signaling in yeast","volume":"594","author":"Buechel","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8377","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02126-12","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the modes of growth inhibition by weak organic acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"78","author":"Ullah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.03.133","article-title":"Cell ATP level of Saccharomyces cerevisiae sensitively responds to culture growth and drug-inflicted variations in membrane integrity and PDR pump activity","volume":"395","author":"Krasowska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-11-98","article-title":"Increased expression of the yeast multidrug resistance ABC transporter Pdr18 leads to increased ethanol tolerance and ethanol production in high gravity alcoholic fermentation","volume":"11","author":"Teixeira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Fact."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20110876","article-title":"The yeast ABC transporter Pdr18 (ORF YNR070w) controls plasma membrane sterol composition, playing a role in multidrug resistance","volume":"440","author":"Cabrito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15253","article-title":"The ABC transporter Pdr18 is required for yeast thermotolerance due to its role in ergosterol transport and plasma membrane properties","volume":"23","author":"Godinho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00476","article-title":"The Paralogous Genes PDR18 and SNQ2, Encoding Multidrug Resistance ABC Transporters, Derive From a Recent Duplication Event, PDR18 Being Specific to the Saccharomyces Genus","volume":"9","author":"Godinho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01998-18","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01998-18","article-title":"Inhibition of Vesicular Transport Influences Fungal Susceptibility to Fluconazole","volume":"63","author":"Demuyser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2477-2481.2002","article-title":"Comparison of Visual and Spectrophotometric Methods of Broth Microdilution MIC End Point Determination and Evaluation of a Sterol Quantitation Method for in Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Fluconazole and Itraconazole Against Trailing and Nontrailing Cand","volume":"46","author":"Ciblak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7168","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01476-06","article-title":"The SPI1 gene, encoding a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell wall protein, plays a prominent role in the development of yeast resistance to lipophilic weak-acid food preservatives","volume":"72","author":"Mira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93711","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4962866","article-title":"A virtual instrument to standardise the calibration of atomic force microscope cantilevers","volume":"87","author":"Sader","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collart, M.A., and Oliviero, S. (1993). Preparation of Yeast RNA. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142727.mb1312s23"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01318-18","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01318-18","article-title":"Hypoxia Promotes Immune Evasion by Triggering \u03b2-Glucan Masking on the Candida albicans Cell Surface via Mitochondrial and cAMP-Protein Kinase A Signaling","volume":"9","author":"Pradhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"187","article-title":"Acetic Acid and Lactic Acid Inhibition of Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Different Mechanisms","volume":"59","author":"Narendranath","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"2413","article-title":"The mechanism of intracellular acidification induced by glucose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"135","author":"Ramos","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1111\/1567-1364.12151","article-title":"The fraction of cells that resume growth after acetic acid addition is a strain-dependent parameter of acetic acid tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"14","author":"Swinnen","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gohlke, S., Muthukrishnan, S., and Merzendorfer, H. (2017). In Vitro and In Vivo studies on the structural organization of Chs3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040702"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.39.1.55.66","article-title":"Fungal \u03b2(1,3)-D-glucan synthesis","volume":"39","author":"Douglas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03198.x","article-title":"Regulation of the yeast Rlm1 transcription factor by the Mpk1 cell wall integrity MAP kinase","volume":"46","author":"Jung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.6.1418-1424.1998","article-title":"Loss of the plasma membrane-bound protein Gas1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in the release of \u03b21,3-glucan into the medium and induces a compensation mechanism to ensure cell wall integrity","volume":"180","author":"Ram","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00619-17","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00619-17","article-title":"The dual activity responsible for the elongation and branching of \u03b2-(1,3)- glucan in the fungal cell wall","volume":"8","author":"Aimanianda","year":"2017","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13176","article-title":"Structural and functional analysis of yeast Crh1 and Crh2 transglycosylases","volume":"282","author":"Blanco","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a128660","article-title":"Specificity of binding of hexopyranosyl polysaccharides with fluorescent brightener","volume":"62","author":"Maeda","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00142","article-title":"Yeast adaptation to weak acids prevents futile energy expenditure","volume":"4","author":"Ullah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14509","article-title":"Mannosylinositol phosphorylceramides and ergosterol coodinately maintain cell wall integrity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"285","author":"Tanaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, R., Botet, J., Rodr\u00edguez-Pe\u00f1a, J.M., Bermejo, C., Ribas, J.C., Revuelta, J.L., Nombela, C., and Arroyo, J. (2015). Genomic profiling of fungal cell wall-interfering compounds: Identification of a common gene signature. BMC Genomics, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1879-4"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.159.3.1018-1026.1984","article-title":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannoproteins form an external cell wall layer that determines wall porosity","volume":"159","author":"Zlotnik","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn034","article-title":"Deletion of yeast CWP genes enhances cell permeability to genotoxic agents","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.320060606","article-title":"The glucanase-soluble mannoproteins limit cell wall porosity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"6","author":"Klis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Yeast"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(98)00134-2","article-title":"Mannosylphosphate transfer to yeast mannan","volume":"1426","author":"Jigami","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.112.144485","article-title":"Architecture and biosynthesis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall","volume":"192","author":"Orlean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.111.128264","article-title":"Regulation of cell wall biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: The cell wall integrity signaling pathway","volume":"189","author":"Levin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3254","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.7.3254","article-title":"Lipid rafts function in biosynthetic delivery of proteins to the cell surface in yeast","volume":"97","author":"Bagnat","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-021-02079-6","article-title":"QTL mapping of a Brazilian bioethanol strain links the cell wall protein-encoding gene GAS1 to low pH tolerance in S. cerevisiae","volume":"14","author":"Coradini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biofuels"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbr.2021.11.005","article-title":"Cellular heterogeneity: Yeast-side story","volume":"39","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fungal Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12243","article-title":"V Phenotypic heterogeneity is a selected trait in natural yeast populations subject to environmental stress","volume":"16","author":"Holland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0061(199910)15:14<1503::AID-YEA481>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Allelism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes PSO6, involved in survival after 3-CPs+UVA induced damage, and ERG3, encoding the enzyme sterol C-5 desaturase","volume":"15","author":"Schmidt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Yeast"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01967067","article-title":"Effects of fluconazole on the sterol and carbohydrate composition of four species of Candida","volume":"11","author":"Pfaller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jord\u00e1, T., and Puig, S. (2020). Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11070795"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/8\/2\/103\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:05:38Z","timestamp":1760133938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/8\/2\/103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jof8020103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof8020103","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]}}}