{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T20:47:47Z","timestamp":1775594867234,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FEDER\u2014Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020\u2014Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI)","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese funds through FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\/Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fungi are amongst the most abundant and diverse organisms. Despite being widely known for their adverse role in food spoilage or as pathogens for humans, animals, or plants, they also present several beneficial effects. Fungi contribute to human well-being due to their role as decomposers, degrading decay matter into smaller molecules which can be easily used by other ecosystem members. These organisms can produce medicinal compounds or modulate protective immune responses in human intestine. Fungi intervene in diverse food processes or act as a food supply. Due to fungal diversity, the unequivocal identification of these organisms is crucial to increasing their practical applications and decreasing their adverse effects. The process of identification could be achieved through the integral sequencing of fungi genomes. However, this procedure would be time-consuming and rather cost-inefficient. Therefore, several molecular markers have been developed to overcome these limitations. The chronology of DNA-based molecular markers development can be divided into three main steps: (1) prior to the development of the PCR technique (RFLP); (2) after the development of the PCR technique (RAPD, AFLP, ISSR, VNTR, SNP, InDels, and DNA barcoding); (3) after the development of the massive parallel sequencing technique (Metabarcoding and WGS). Therefore, the present review covers an overview of the most recently developed molecular markers used for fungal detection and identification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8080803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T02:06:42Z","timestamp":1659319602000},"page":"803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Molecular Markers: An Overview of Data Published for Fungi over the Last Ten Years"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5785-7521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Ipatimup\u2014Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FCUP\u2014Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3157-7342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Ipatimup\u2014Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FCUP\u2014Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-006-9129-3","article-title":"An estimate of the lower limit of global fungal diversity","volume":"16","author":"Schmit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biodivers. 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