{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T11:17:44Z","timestamp":1775906264932,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/135883\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/135883\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04255\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04255\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04255\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04255\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Funds through FCT under the scope of the CINTESIS R&amp;D Unit","award":["SFRH\/BD\/135883\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/135883\/2018"]}]},{"name":"National Funds through FCT under the scope of the CINTESIS R&amp;D Unit","award":["UIDB\/04255\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04255\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds through FCT under the scope of the CINTESIS R&amp;D Unit","award":["UIDP\/04255\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04255\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candida parapsilosis is the second most common Candida species isolated in Asia, Southern Europe, and Latin America and is often involved in invasive infections that seriously impact human health. This pathogen is part of the psilosis complex, which also includes Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. C. parapsilosis infections are particularly prevalent among neonates with low birth weights, individuals who are immunocompromised, and patients who require prolonged use of a central venous catheter or other indwelling devices, whose surfaces C. parapsilosis exhibits an enhanced capacity to adhere to and form biofilms. Despite this well-acknowledged prevalence, the biology of C. parapsilosis has not been as extensively explored as that of Candida albicans. In this paper, we describe the molecular mechanistic pathways of virulence in C. parapsilosis and show how they differ from those of C. albicans. We also describe the mode of action of antifungal drugs used for the treatment of Candida infections, namely, polyenes, echinocandins, and azoles, as well as the resistance mechanisms developed by C. parapsilosis to overcome them. Finally, we stress the importance of the ongoing search for species-specific features that may aid the development of effective control strategies and thus reduce the burden on patients and healthcare costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9010080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T03:19:54Z","timestamp":1672975194000},"page":"80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Candida parapsilosis Virulence and Antifungal Resistance Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review of Key Determinants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2104-3742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Branco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research\u2014CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel M.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research & Development Centre\u2014UnIC@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ac\u00e1cio G.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research\u2014CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bongomin, F., Gago, S., Oladele, R.O., and Denning, D.W. 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