{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:37:11Z","timestamp":1760060231433,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/50006 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020 (doi: 10.54499\/LA\/P\/0094\/2020)","SFRH\/BD\/138389\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020 (doi: 10.54499\/LA\/P\/0094\/2020)","SFRH\/BD\/138389\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoX"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents can be important sources of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) for riverine ecosystems, with some accumulation in sediments. This study investigated the ecotoxicological effects of sediment samples collected near three WWTPs. Sediment elutriates, simulating resuspension conditions, and whole sediment samples were tested. Results showed that sediments were toxic to some organisms and beneficial to others. Elutriates from one site significantly reduced luminescence in the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri, though this was not consistently linked to sediment contaminant levels. Significant noxious effects of elutriates were recorded for the macrophyte Lemma minor (yield reductions up to 48%) and the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata (yield reductions up to 25%). Exposure to elutriates resulted in increased Daphnia magna reproduction and increased biomass yield of Chironomus riparius exposed to sediments directly. Overall, there were no major toxicity variations in samples collected upstream and downstream of the effluent outfall. Suggesting limited hazardous potential of the effluent and a potential masking effect of background contamination (mostly metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). The complexity of effluent-sourced contamination, coupled with the realistic testing approach, renders this work a valuable contribution to understanding the role of WWTP effluents in surface freshwaters contamination and their effects, especially concerning CECs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jox15040132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T16:09:55Z","timestamp":1755274195000},"page":"132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ecotoxicological Assessment of Sediment Samples Impacted by Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents Transporting Contaminants of Emerging Concern"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6791-8287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"R\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0241-2896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9326-187X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando J. M.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7573-6184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.10.008","article-title":"Ozonation and Activated Carbon Treatment of Sewage Effluents: Removal of Endocrine Activity and Cytotoxicity","volume":"45","author":"Stalter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stalter, D., Magdeburg, A., Quednow, K., Botzat, A., and Oehlmann, J. 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