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paper presents the conception, design and real miniature instrument implementation of a dual-purpose sensor for small satellites that can act as a star tracker and space debris detector. In the previous research work, the authors conceived, designed and implemented a breadboard consisting of a computer laptop, a camera interface and camera controller, an image sensor, an optics system, a temperature sensor and a temperature controller. It showed that the instrument was feasible. In this paper, a new real star tracker miniature instrument is designed, physically realized and tested. The implementation follows a New Space approach; it is made with Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) components with space heritage. The instrument\u2019s development, implementation and testing are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan14040075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T10:46:05Z","timestamp":1752662765000},"page":"75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dual-Purpose Star Tracker and Space Debris Detector: Miniature Instrument for Small Satellites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6337-9458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beltran N.","family":"Arribas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o e F\u00edsica Experimental de Part\u00edculas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Aeronautics and Astronautics Research Center (AEROG), Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aeronautics (LAETA), Universidade da Beira Interior, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro, 6200-358 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Synopsis Planet, Advance Engineering Unipessoal LDA, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o G.","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o e F\u00edsica Experimental de Part\u00edculas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Synopsis Planet, Advance Engineering Unipessoal LDA, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4117-3621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Castanheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o e F\u00edsica Experimental de Part\u00edculas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Aeronautics and Astronautics Research Center (AEROG), Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aeronautics (LAETA), Universidade da Beira Interior, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro, 6200-358 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Synopsis Planet, Advance Engineering Unipessoal LDA, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o e F\u00edsica Experimental de Part\u00edculas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Synopsis Planet, Advance Engineering Unipessoal LDA, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica e Ci\u00eancias do Espa\u00e7o, Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1081-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Melicio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautics and Astronautics Research Center (AEROG), Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aeronautics (LAETA), Universidade da Beira Interior, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro, 6200-358 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Synopsis Planet, Advance Engineering Unipessoal LDA, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica (IDMEC), Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aeronautics (LAETA), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Onderwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o e F\u00edsica Experimental de Part\u00edculas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Synopsis Planet, Advance Engineering Unipessoal LDA, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Gordo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o e F\u00edsica Experimental de Part\u00edculas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7060-4745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Policarpo","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, INESC INOV, R. 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