{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:33:51Z","timestamp":1761006831398,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04730\/2020","UIDP\/04730\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04730\/2020","UIDP\/04730\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Laboratories"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Engineering education depends on hands-on experimentation, but laboratory access is often limited by time, availability, and resources. Remote laboratories mitigate these barriers by enabling online access to real experiments, with the Virtual Instrument Systems in Reality (VISIR) standing out as a long-established system for teaching electronics and electrical circuits. Based on an extensive literature review and on substantial experience, this study qualitatively analyzes VISIR and identifies limitations related to scalability, interoperability, and integration with emerging technologies. From these insights, the paper proposes a set of improvements and technologies to enhance or replace key components while preserving its core infrastructure. The conclusions contribute to practical recommendations for those developing remote laboratories for electrical circuits and analog electronics education, thus offering achievable design suggestions and outlining directions for future research and development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/laboratories2040020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:23:34Z","timestamp":1760952214000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The VISIR Remote Laboratory: Analysis of Limitations and Proposals for Improvement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0912-2245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederico L\u00e1zaro","family":"Jacob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology (CIETI), Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Industrial Engineering Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5528-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Arcelina","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology (CIETI), Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1244-8502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo R.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology (CIETI), Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1219-3105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Vaz","family":"Fidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology (CIETI), Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5445-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix Garcia","family":"Loro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Engineering Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Elio San Crist\u00f3bal","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Engineering Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-022-09331-4","article-title":"Remote labs in higher engineering education: Engaging students with active learning pedagogy","volume":"35","author":"Beemt","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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