{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T17:10:50Z","timestamp":1770916250823,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]],"date-time":"2021-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/94195\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/94195\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC) UIDB\/EEA\/50009\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC) UIDB\/EEA\/50009\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto para a Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Natureza e Florestas (ICNF)","award":["AD 288\/2014\/ICNF\/SEDE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AD 288\/2014\/ICNF\/SEDE"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Land"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2020 was a driving force behind spatially explicit quantifications of Ecosystem Services (ES) in Europe. In Portugal, the MAES initiative (ptMAES\u2013Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystem and their Services) was conducted in 2014 to address Target 2 (Action 5) of the Strategy, namely mapping and assessing ecosystems, ecosystems\u2019 condition (EC), and ES. In this study covering the NUTS II Alentejo region, EC was assessed and mapped based on four indicators (soil organic matter, plant and bird diversity, and ecological value of plant communities) and five ES were assessed and mapped (soil protection, carbon sequestration, and fiber\/crop\/livestock production). Assessments were performed under a multi-tiered approach, ranging from spatialization of statistical data to analytical modeling, based on the most detailed land-use\/land-cover cartography available. In this paper, we detail the methodological and analytical framework applied in ptMAES and present its main outcomes. Our goal is to (1) discuss the main methodological challenges encountered to inform future MAES initiatives in Portugal and other member states; and (2) further explore the outcomes of ptMAES by looking into spatial relationships between EC and ES supply. We highlight the advantages of the proposed analytical framework and identify constraints that, among others, limited the number of ES and EC indicators analyzed. We also show that MAES can provide useful insights to landscape planning at the regional scale, for instance, red-flagging areas where ES supply may be unsustainable over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/land10101040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T16:23:58Z","timestamp":1633623838000},"page":"1040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems Services under the Proposed MAES European Common Framework: Methodological Challenges and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4178-4537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lia","family":"Laporta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MARETEC\/LARSyS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6194-0405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Domingos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARETEC\/LARSyS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Marta-Pedroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARETEC\/LARSyS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Millenium Ecosystem Assesment (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Island Press."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Haines-Young, R., and Potschin, M. (2013). Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES), Version 4.3, Report to the European Environment Agency EEA\/BSS\/07\/007."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2013.09.018","article-title":"Accounting for Capacity and Flow of Ecosystem Services: A Conceptual Model and a Case Study for Telemark, Norway","volume":"36","author":"Barton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254704","article-title":"Whose Conservation?","volume":"345","author":"Mace","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-08288-210134","article-title":"The Relationship between Ecological Restoration and the Ecosystem Services Concept","volume":"21","author":"Alexander","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.05.015","article-title":"Understanding the Role of Conceptual Frameworks: Reading the Ecosystem Service Cascade","volume":"29","author":"Heink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Dale, V.H. (2006). Ecological Modeling for Resource Management, Springer Science & Business Media."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Maes, J., Teller, A., Erhard, M., Murphy, P., Paracchini, M.L., Barredo, J.I., Grizzetti, B., Cardoso, A., Somma, F., and Petersen, J.E. (2014). Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and Their Services: Indicators for Ecosystem Assessments under Action 5 of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020, Publications Office of the European Union. Technical Report (2014-080)."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2011.06.019","article-title":"Mapping Ecosystem Service Supply, Demand and Budgets","volume":"21","author":"Burkhard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"European Commission (2011). The EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020, Official Publication of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.11.009","article-title":"Spatial Bayesian Belief Networks as a Planning Decision Tool for Mapping Ecosystem Services Trade-Offs on Forested Landscapes","volume":"144","author":"Luque","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.1842","article-title":"Using Ecological Production Functions to Link Ecological Processes to Ecosystem Services","volume":"13","author":"Bruins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2013.06.023","article-title":"Fostering Synergies between Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity in Conservation Planning: A Review","volume":"166","author":"Darveau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2012.06.016","article-title":"Synergies and Trade-Offs between Ecosystem Service Supply, Biodiversity, and Habitat Conservation Status in Europe","volume":"155","author":"Maes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.10.011","article-title":"When We Cannot Have It All: Ecosystem Services Trade-Offs in the Context of Spatial Planning","volume":"29","author":"Turkelboom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Maes, J., Teller, A., Erhard, M., Liquete, C., Braat, L., Berry, P.M., Egoh, B., Puydarrieux, P., Fiorina, F., and Santos, F. (2013). Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and Their Services. An Analytical Framework for Ecosystem Assessments under Action 5 of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020, Publications Office of the European Union. Technical Report (2013-067)."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Barredo, J.I., Teller, A., Bastrup-Birk, A., Onaindia, M., de Manuel, B.F., Madariaga, I., Rodr\u00edguez-Loinaz, G., Pinho, P., Nunes, A., and Ramos, A. (2016). Mapping and Assessment of Forest Ecosystems and Their Services: Applications and Guidance for Decision Making in the Framework of MAES, Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2013.02.001","article-title":"A Blueprint for Mapping and Modelling Ecosystem Services","volume":"4","author":"Crossman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2011.04.002","article-title":"Change and Dynamics in Mediterranean Evergreen Oak Woodlands Landscapes of Southwestern Iberian Peninsula","volume":"102","author":"Costa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Serdoura, F., Moreira, G., and Almeida, H. (2009, January 3\u20135). Tourism Development in Alentejo Region: A Vehicle for Cultural and Territorial Cohesion. Proceedings of the Sustainable Architecture and Urban Development, Tripoli, Libya."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pedrotti, F., and Box, E.O. (2021). Using geobotanical tools to map and assess ecosystem services (MAES) in southern Portugal. Tools for Landscape-Scale Geobotany and Conservation, Springer International Publishing. Geobotany Studies.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-74950-7"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Chambers, S.A., and Australia, B.V. (2021, September 01). Birds as Environmental Indicators Review of Literature. Available online: https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Birds-as-Environmental-Indicators-Review-of-Chambers-Australia\/4d43ad5d64e8c6b097d3e71aa81071c771cec3f8#paper-header."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S., and Sturdivant, R.X. (2013). Applied Logistic Regression, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-014-9766-4","article-title":"Mapping Soil Erosion Prevention Using an Ecosystem Service Modeling Framework for Integrated Land Management and Policy","volume":"17","author":"Guerra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Wischmeier, W.H., and Smith, D.D. (1978). Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses: A Guide to Conservation Planning, US Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration. No. 537."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2006.12.027","article-title":"The Response of Soil Erosion and Sediment Export to Land-Use Change in Four Areas of Europe: The Importance of Landscape Pattern","volume":"98","author":"Bakker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Pimenta, M.T. (2021, September 01). Directizes Para Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da Equa\u00e7\u00e3o Universal da Perda de Solo em SIG. Available online: https:\/\/snirh.apambiente.pt\/snirh\/download\/relatorios\/factorC_K.pdf."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"77","article-title":"Fatores da Equa\u00e7ao Universal de Perdas de Solo e sua convers\u00e3o para o sistema m\u00e9trico internacional","volume":"16","author":"Silva","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ci\u00ean. Agron. Fortaleza"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Eggleston, H.S., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T., and Tanabe, K. (2006). Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"APA (2014). Portuguese National Inventory Report on Greenhouse Gases, 1990\u20132012, Portuguese Environment Agency (APA). Submitted Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and The Kyoto Protocol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"186","article-title":"The Data Model Concept in Statistical Mapping","volume":"7","author":"Jenks","year":"1967","journal-title":"Int. Yearb. Cartogr."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Ros\u00e1rio, L. (2010). Refer\u00eancias Para a Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o Do Sequestro de Carbono Org\u00e2nico Nos Solos Portugueses, Com Base Na Rede ICP Forest, Biosoil e LQARS, AFN\/SNIERPA. Relat\u00f3rio AFN\/SNIERPA in\u00e9dito."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1952.10483441","article-title":"Use of Ranks in One-Criterion Variance Analysis","volume":"47","author":"Kruskal","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-7258(52)50043-X","article-title":"The Asymptotic Normality and Consistency of Kendall\u2019s Test against Trend, When Ties Are Present in One Ranking","volume":"55","author":"Terpstra","year":"1952","journal-title":"Indag. Math. Proc."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/41.1-2.133","article-title":"A Distribution-Free k-Sample Test Against Ordered Alternatives","volume":"41","author":"Jonckheere","year":"1954","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Felipe-Lucia, M.R., Mart\u00edn-L\u00f3pez, B., Lavorel, S., Berraquero-D\u00edaz, L., Escalera-Reyes, J., and Com\u00edn, F.A. (2015). Ecosystem Services Flows: Why Stakeholders\u2019 Power Relationships Matter. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132232"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-02867-140138","article-title":"Ecosystem Services, Land-Cover Change, and Stakeholders: Finding a Sustainable Foothold for a Semiarid Biodiversity Hotspot","volume":"14","author":"Reyers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/21513732.2017.1381167","article-title":"Ecosystem Service Supply by European Landscapes under Alternative Land-Use and Environmental Policies","volume":"13","author":"Mouchet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biodivers. Sci. Ecosyst. Serv. Manag."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-018-0612-5","article-title":"Impact of Land-Use Change on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in the Chilean Temperate Forests","volume":"33","author":"Morales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Landsc. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2011.01.024","article-title":"Historical Review of Land Use Changes in Portugal (before and after EU Integration in 1986) and Their Implications for Land Degradation and Conservation, with a Focus on Centro and Alentejo Regions","volume":"31","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.05.061","article-title":"A Proposal for Using Process-Based Soil Models for Land Use Life Cycle Impact Assessment: Application to Alentejo, Portugal","volume":"192","author":"Morais","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10640-013-9663-x","article-title":"Valuing Provisioning Ecosystem Services in Agriculture: The Impact of Climate Change on Food Production in the United Kingdom","volume":"57","author":"Fezzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Resour. Econ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2013.04.001","article-title":"Mapping Provisioning Ecosystem Services at the Local Scale Using Data of Varying Spatial and Temporal Resolution","volume":"4","author":"Kandziora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-014-9725-2","article-title":"Carbon Sequestration of Modern Quercus suber L. Silvoarable Agroforestry Systems in Portugal: A YieldSAFE-Based Estimation","volume":"88","author":"Palma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agrofor. Syst."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51103","DOI":"10.3897\/oneeco.5.e51103","article-title":"Ten Years of Ecosystem Services Matrix: Review of a (r)Evolution","volume":"5","author":"Campagne","year":"2020","journal-title":"One Ecosyst."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2013.11.002","article-title":"Modelling Farming System Dynamics in High Nature Value Farmland under Policy Change","volume":"183","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2014.08.024","article-title":"\u2018The Matrix Reloaded\u2019: A Review of Expert Knowledge Use for Mapping Ecosystem Services","volume":"295","author":"Jacobs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perennes, M., Campagne, C.S., M\u00fcller, F., Roche, P., and Burkhard, B. (2020). Refining the Tiered Approach for Mapping and Assessing Ecosystem Services at the Local Scale: A Case Study in a Rural Landscape in Northern Germany. Land, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/land9100348"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"European Environment Agency (2016). Mapping and Assessing the Condition of Europe\u2019s Ecosystems Progress and Challenges: EEA Contribution to the Implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2004.01.013","article-title":"Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Agricultural Landscapes\u2014Are We Asking the Right Questions?","volume":"104","author":"Swift","year":"2004","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106729","article-title":"Ecosystem Service Indicators along the Cascade: How Do Assessment and Mapping Studies Position Their Indicators?","volume":"118","author":"Kiss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rendon, P., Steinhoff-Knopp, B., Saggau, P., and Burkhard, B. (2020). Assessment of the Relationships between Agroecosystem Condition and the Ecosystem Service Soil Erosion Regulation in Northern Germany. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.26.116285"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8812","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1114773109","article-title":"Contributions of Cultural Services to the Ecosystem Services Agenda","volume":"109","author":"Daniel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vrbi\u010danov\u00e1, G., Kaisov\u00e1, D., Mo\u010dko, M., Petrovic, F., and Mederly, P. (2020). Mapping Cultural Ecosystem Services Enables Better Informed Nature Protection and Landscape Management. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12052138"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22831","DOI":"10.3897\/oneeco.3.e22831","article-title":"Burkhard B, Santos-Martin F, Nedkov S, Maes J (2018) An operational framework for integrated Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES)","volume":"3","author":"Burkhard","year":"2018","journal-title":"One Ecosystem"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.06.006","article-title":"How Natural Capital Delivers Ecosystem Services: A Typology Derived from a Systematic Review","volume":"26","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silveira, A., Ferr\u00e3o, J., Mu\u00f1oz-Rojas, J., Pinto-Correia, T., Guimar\u00e3es, M., and Schmidt, L. (2018). The sustainability of agricultural intensification in the early 21st century:insights from the olive oil production in Alentejo (Southern Portugal). Changing Societies: Legacies and Challenges. Vol. 3. The Diverse Worlds of Sustainability, Imprensa de Ci\u00eancias Sociais.","DOI":"10.31447\/ics9789726715054.10"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Capistrano, D., Samper, C., Samper, K.C., Lee, M.J., and Raudsepp-Hearne, C. (2005). Condition and Trends of Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity, Island Press."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12242","article-title":"Managing Natural Capital Stocks for the Provision of Ecosystem Services","volume":"10","author":"Maseyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Conserv. Lett."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-011-9388-1","article-title":"Introducing the Montado, the Cork and Holm Oak Agroforestry System of Southern Portugal","volume":"82","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agrofor. Syst."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1890\/100084","article-title":"Mediterranean Cork Oak Savannas Require Human Use to Sustain Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services","volume":"9","author":"Bugalho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2020.104607","article-title":"A Holistic Approach to Land System Dynamics\u2014The Monfurado Case in Alentejo, Portugal","volume":"95","author":"Esgalhado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2021.105712","article-title":"It\u2019s a Keeper: Valuing the Carbon Storage Capacity of Agroforestry Ecosystems in the Context of CAP Eco-Schemes","volume":"109","author":"Laporta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"}],"container-title":["Land"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-445X\/10\/10\/1040\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:08:56Z","timestamp":1760166536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-445X\/10\/10\/1040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["land10101040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/land10101040","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]}}}