{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:25:27Z","timestamp":1772252727656,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["647038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["647038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101086497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101086497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon-CL6-2022-Governance-01-07 research and innovation program","award":["647038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["647038"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon-CL6-2022-Governance-01-07 research and innovation program","award":["101086497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101086497"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Land"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Groundwater degradation is a major issue on an increasingly hot and thirsty planet. The problem is critical in drylands, where recharge rates are low and groundwater is the only reliable resource in a context of water scarcity and stress. Aquifer depletion and contamination is a process of desertification. Land Degradation Neutrality is regarded as the main initiative to tackle land degradation and desertification. It is embedded in target 15.3 of the Sustainable Development Goals and focused on preventing these dynamics. Within this framework, we present an approach to assess risks of degradation and desertification in coastal basins with aquifers threatened by seawater intrusion. The approach utilizes an integrated system dynamics model representing the main relationships between the aquifer and an intensively irrigated area (greenhouses) driven by short- and medium-term profitability. The study area is located in a semi-arid region in Southern Spain, the Gualchos stream basin, which contains the Castell de Ferro aquifer. We found that the risk of salinization of the aquifer is 73%, while there is a 70% risk that the system would increases its demand for surface water in the future, and the chance of doubling the current demand is almost 50%. If the current system of reservoirs in the area were not able to satisfy such an increase in demand because of climate change, the basin would be at a serious risk of desertification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/land11101626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T21:10:05Z","timestamp":1663881005000},"page":"1626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Importance of Prevention in Tackling Desertification: An Approach to Anticipate Risks of Degradation in Coastal Aquifers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Econom\u00eda Agraria, Estad\u00edstica y Gesti\u00f3n de Empresas, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Rolando","family":"Gartzia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Civil, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8165-8669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Alcal\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desertificaci\u00f3n y Geo-Ecolog\u00eda, Estaci\u00f3n Experimental de Zonas \u00c1ridas (EEZA\u2013CSIC), 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 7500138, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5859-5674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Valderrama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio \u201cRam\u00f3n Margalef\u201d, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s\/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Margat, J., and van der Gun, J. 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