{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:51:31Z","timestamp":1760244691312,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT, Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["ICT UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020","MED UIDB\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICT UIDB\/04683\/2020","UIDP\/04683\/2020","MED UIDB\/05183\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Land"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Landscape evaluation and monitoring enable us to understand the interactions between its components and the effects of disturbances (whether they are natural or artificial) in its dynamics. Forests have a wide variability and diversity, and their analysis at the landscape level allows us to evaluate its spatial distribution pattern. This study focused on the analysis of the landscape spatial variability of forest species with data derived from remote sensing and landscape metrics of a case study in Alto Alentejo, Portugal. Sentinel-2 satellite images were used to produce a land use and land cover map with a random forest classification algorithm, where the bands, vegetation and texture indices were the explanatory variables. The obtained land use\/cover map has classified five forest classes and one non-forest class. The map was used to evaluate the diversity with eleven composition and configuration landscape diversity metrics for Alto Alentejo and for four sub-regions delimited according to their edaphic-climatic characteristics. The results showed that the land use\/cover map had a good precision (a global precision of 89% and a kappa of 86%) and that both Alto Alentejo and its sub-regions had high forest diversity both in composition and configuration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/land12010046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T04:45:54Z","timestamp":1672116354000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatial Variability of Forest Species: Case Study for Alto Alentejo, Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ana Margarida","family":"Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICT\u2014Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra (ICT), Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada, Universidade de \u00c9vora Apartado 94, 7002-544 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0060-0682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e9lia M. O.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED\u2014Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Laborat\u00f3rio de Dete\u00e7\u00e3o Remota-EaRSLab, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Apatado 94, 7002-544 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED\u2014Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Apartado 94, 7002-544 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contributos para a Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o e Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o da Paisagem em Portugal Continental","volume":"4","author":"Abreu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geogr. 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