{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T16:47:57Z","timestamp":1765039677274,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning (CEGOT)","award":["2016\/19020-0","UIDB\/04084\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/19020-0","UIDB\/04084\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/19020-0","UIDB\/04084\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/19020-0","UIDB\/04084\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Land"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soajo Mountain is located in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula near the border between Portugal and Spain. Its highest elevation is 1416 m at the Pedrada summit. During the Pleistocene, the cascade cirques on the east flank and the icefield that covered the flattened surface of the high plateau generated several glacier valleys. This study presents a paleoglacial reconstruction of the relict glacial landscape in Soajo Mountain for the Glacial Maximum Extent (GME) through the following methods: (1) a detailed geomorphological map supported by high-resolution orthophotography, digital elevation models with a spatial resolution of 70 cm, and field surveys; (2) the delineation of the glacial surface, and the calculation of the glacial flowlines to obtain the numerical model of the ice thickness; and (3) an estimation of the paleoELA altitudes. The paleoglacial reconstruction, using GlaRe methodology, reveals a glacial surface of 16 km2, including an icefield on the Lamas de Vez plateau (mean elevation of 1150 m) and a radial glacial flow to the east and north. The arrangement of the glaciated area attests to the topographic, lithological, and structural conditioning on the development of small glacial tongues, with an emphasis on the ice tongue flowing northwards, with a thickness of 173 m and a length of 2.92 km. The Soajo GME paleoglacier comprises three main glacial sectors: Lamas de Vez Icefield, Vez and Aveleira Valleys, and the Eastern Glacial Sector. These paleoglaciers have achieved maximum ice volumes of 214.4 hm3, 269.2 hm3, and 115.8 hm3, respectively, with maximum ice thicknesses of 127 m, 173 m, and 118 m, respectively. On the west flank, a smaller paleoglacier named Branda da G\u00e9mea recorded an ice volume of 24.3 hm3 and a maximum ice thickness of 110 m. According to the ELA-AABR method, Soajo Mountain has one of the lowest ELA values in the Iberian NW, ranging from 1085 to 1057 m. This is due to its oceanic location, an orographic barrier effect, and the influence of the polar front.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/land12061226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T01:32:15Z","timestamp":1686706335000},"page":"1226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pleistocene Glaciations of the Northwest of Iberia: Glacial Maximum Extent, Ice Thickness, and ELA of the Soajo Mountain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Edgar","family":"Figueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1764-0659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CEGOT\u2014Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Arts and Humanities of Porto, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7428-4622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augusto","family":"P\u00e9rez-Alberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Biology, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2008.05.018","article-title":"Glacial activity and catchment dynamics in northwest Greece: Long-term river behaviour and the slackwater sediment record for the last glacial to interglacial transition","volume":"101","author":"Woodward","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2008.04.019","article-title":"Integrated research on mountain glaciers: Current status, priorities and future prospects","volume":"103","author":"Owen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.196","article-title":"Spatial characterization of glacial and periglacial landforms in the highlands of Sierra Nevada (Spain)","volume":"584\u2013585","author":"Palma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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