{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T11:41:55Z","timestamp":1776944515509,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/00239\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00239\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["LA\/P\/0092\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0092\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory TERRA","award":["UIDB\/00239\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00239\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory TERRA","award":["LA\/P\/0092\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0092\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Land"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mangroves are vital intertidal ecosystems that support biodiversity and protect coastal communities, but face increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities that sustain local livelihoods. It is crucial to integrate the social dimension into conservation efforts by encouraging community participation in mangrove restoration. Chame Bay, located on the central Pacific coast of Panama, is a protected area with significant mangrove cover, but despite its management plan, degradation continues due to intensive timber extraction for charcoal production and insufficient natural regeneration. This study investigates local knowledge and perceptions of mangrove functions and regeneration. A proportional stratified sampling of the Chame Bay population was used, with 300 interviews conducted among key stakeholders, including residents and mangrove resource users. Variables such as age, education, and profession were analyzed in relation to perceptions, participation, and willingness to participate in restoration efforts. Results indicate that 24.67% of the population\u2019s primary economic activity is charcoal production from mangrove wood, with 15% of producers already involved in restoration and 60% willing to participate. These findings highlight the potential for community-driven restoration and emphasize the need for environmental education to encourage participation. This study provides essential information for designing restoration strategies in mangrove areas in Central America.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/land13111783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T09:10:44Z","timestamp":1730279444000},"page":"1783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Social Perception and Engagement in Mangrove Restoration: A Case Study in Central America"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7917-7663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth Jasmina","family":"Del Cid-Alvarado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Resources and Biodiversity Research and Innovation Program, Panama Institute for Agricultural Innovation (IDIAP), Clayton 6-4391, Panama"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4953-2123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar R.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panam\u00e1 City 0843-03092, Panama"},{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, Panam\u00e1 City 0816-03991, Panama"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8507-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia Mar\u00eda","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais e Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3963-5228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacobo","family":"Fe\u00e1s-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Financial Economics and Accounting\u2014Faculty of Business Administration and Management, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27003 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spalding, M., Kainuma, M., and Collins, L. (2010). World Atlas of Mangroves, Earthscan.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781849776608"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez, M.R. (2019). Mangroves: Biodiversity Safeguards and Silent Heroes in the Face of Climate Change, Institute of Oceanography, FURG."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"8","article-title":"Acercamiento al estudio de los servicios ecosist\u00e9micos","volume":"84","author":"Balvanera","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gac. Ecol\u00f3gica"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"3","article-title":"Marco conceptual y clasificaci\u00f3n de los servicios ecosist\u00e9micos","volume":"1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revista Bio Ciencias"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"ONU, Proyecto de Bosques Azules, and Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (2019). Enfoque de Conservaci\u00f3n del Ecosistema Costero y Promover el Financiamiento de Carbono con Base en los Manglares, ONU."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/00288330.2022.2097270","article-title":"A soio-ecological appraisal of perceived ricks associated with mangrove (M\u00e3nawa) management in Aotearoa New Zealand","volume":"56","author":"Lundquist","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ermgassen, P., Worthington, T.A., Gair, J.R., Garnett, E.E., Mukherjee, N., Longley-Wood, K., Nagelkerken, I., Abrantes, K., Aburto-Oropeza, O., and Acosta, A. (2024). The global fish and invertebrate abundance value of mangroves. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.05.02.591889"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Montiel, V.J.E. (2009). Las Mariposas Diurnas (Insecta: Lepid\u00f3ptera: Papilionoidea) del Manglar de Tumilco en Tuxpan, Universidad Veracruzana."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"33","article-title":"La topograf\u00eda y el hidroperiodo: Dos factores que condicionan la restauraci\u00f3n de los humedales costeros","volume":"80","author":"Agraz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bol. Soc. Bot. M\u00e9x."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1080\/17565529.2021.2022449","article-title":"Community perceptions of climate change and ecosystem-based adaptation in the mangrove ecosystem of the Rufiji Delta, Tanzania","volume":"14","author":"Nyangoko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clim. Dev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13416979.2019.1696441","article-title":"Perceptions of local communities on mangrove forests, their services and management: Implications for Eco-DRR and blue carbon management for Eastern Samar, Philippines","volume":"25","author":"Quevedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2014.05.006","article-title":"Linkages between biodiversity attributes and ecosystem services: A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Harrison","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/jgeesi\/2024\/v28i1740","article-title":"Economic and environmental implication of Wood explotation in the mangrove ecosystem in Tiko, South West Region of Cameroon","volume":"28","author":"Ambo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Environ. Earth Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aye, W.N., Wen, Y., Marin, K., Thapa, S., and Tun, A.W. (2019). Contribution of Mangrove Forest to the Livelihood of Local Communities in Ayeyar waddy Region, Myanmar. Forests, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/f10050414"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"2007","article-title":"Bioeconomic development and mangroves in Latin America. Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Nicaragua","volume":"8","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. De Bioeconom\u00eda Y Cambio Clim\u00e1tico"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2007). Cap\u00edtulo 6: Am\u00e9rica del Norte y Central. The World\u2019s Mangroves 1980\u20132005, FAO."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"33","article-title":"El impacto que produce el sector turismo en los manglares de las costas mexicanas","volume":"77","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contactos"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Spalding, M., Kainuma, M., Collins, L., Blasco-Takali, F., and Blasco, F. (2011). World Atlas of Mangroves, International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems c\/o Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"CONFOREC (2007). Plan de Manejo de los Manglares de la Bah\u00eda de Chame. Proyecto de Conservaci\u00f3n y Repoblaci\u00f3n de \u00c1reas Amenazadas del Bosque de Manglar del Pac\u00edfico Paname\u00f1o (ANAM-OIMT), CONFOREC."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"ANAM-ARAP (2013). Manglares de Panam\u00e1. Importancia, Mejores Pr\u00e1cticas y Regulaciones Vigentes, Andr\u00e9s Tart\u00e9. Available online: https:\/\/lac.wetlands.org\/publicacion\/manglares-de-panama-importancia-mejores-practicas-y-regulaciones-vigentes\/."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Pesci, R., P\u00e9rez, J., and Pesci, L. (2007). Proyectar la Sustentabilidad. Enfoque y Metodolog\u00eda de FLACAM Para Proyectos de Sustentabilidad, Editorial CEPA."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.13057\/bonorowo\/w120102","article-title":"Causes and impacts of anthropogenic activities on mangrove deforestation and degradation in Indonesia","volume":"12","author":"Cahyaningsih","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intl. J. Bonorowo Wetl."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2001)051[0807:MFOOTW]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Mangrove Forests: One of the World\u2019s Threatened Major Tropical Environments","volume":"51","author":"Valiela","year":"2001","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"57","article-title":"Environmental management of mangrove ecosystems. An approach for the Colombian case","volume":"12","author":"Uribe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Gesti\u00f3n Y Ambiente"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"147","article-title":"Drivers of mangrove deforestation in Mahahual-Xcalak, Quintana Roo, southeast Mexico","volume":"36","author":"Schmook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cienc. Mar."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"ANAM (2009). Gaceta Oficial, Resoluci\u00f3n AG 0364, por Medio del cual se crea el \u00c1rea Protegida Manglares de la Bah\u00eda de Chame, Rep\u00fablica de Panam\u00e1, Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, Panam\u00e1. Available online: https:\/\/www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa\/pdfTemp\/26301\/GacetaNo_26301_20090611.pdf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1111\/rec.13035","article-title":"International principles, and standards for the practice of ecological restoration. second edition","volume":"27","author":"Gann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Restor Ecol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-100X.2005.00020.x","article-title":"The two-culture problem: Ecological restoration and the integration of knowledge","volume":"13","author":"Higgs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Restor. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"292","article-title":"Restauraci\u00f3n forestal contempor\u00e1nea: Una revisi\u00f3n que enfatiza la funci\u00f3n","volume":"331","author":"Stanturf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bosque Ecol. Y Gesti\u00f3n"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2980\/19-3-3530","article-title":"Contribution of traditional knowledge to ecological restoration: Practices and applications","volume":"19","author":"Uprety","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecoscience"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1080\/26395916.2022.2137849","article-title":"Ecosystem restoration and human well-being in Latin America","volume":"18","author":"Meli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecosyst. People"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3390\/coasts4020014","article-title":"Coastal Restoration Challenges and Strategies for Small Island Developing States in the Face of Sea Level Rise and Climate Change","volume":"4","year":"2024","journal-title":"Coast"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"ANAM (2009). Informe del Componente de Manglar, Regi\u00f3n de Panam\u00e1 Oeste. Proyecto de Conservaci\u00f3n y Repoblaci\u00f3n de \u00c1reas Amenazadas del Bosque de Manglar del Pac\u00edfico Paname\u00f1o, Jos\u00e9 Berdiales. Available online: https:\/\/www.itto.int\/files\/itto_project_db_input\/2457\/Competition\/pd156-02-p3%20rev2(F)_Proyecto%20de%20Conservacion%20y%20Repoblacion%20de%20Areas%20Amenazadas_S.pdf."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Berdiales, J., and Chavarr\u00eda, J. (2009). Informe del Componente de Manglar, Regi\u00f3n de Panam\u00e1 Oeste, Organizaci\u00f3n de Maderas Tropicales (OIMT)\u2013Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM)."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis, Island Press."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Ministry of Health (2014). Regulations of the National Research Bioethics Committee of Panama, Executive Decree No. 1843; Ministry of Health. Available online: https:\/\/cnbi.senacyt.gob.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Decreto-Ejecutivo-N1843-del-16-de-diciembre-de-2014-unificado.pdf."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Vaca, I. (2019). Oportunidades y desaf\u00edos Para la Autonom\u00eda de las Mujeres en el Futuro Escenario del Trabajo, Santiago, Comisi\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica para Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). Available online: https:\/\/repositorio.cepal.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/edc6e8c4-d873-4ad7-a069-1a4a260ca8c1\/content."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruz-Portorreal, Y., Beenaerts, N., Koedam, N., Reyes Dominguez, O.J., Milanes, C.B., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., and P\u00e9rez Montero, O. (2024). Perception of Mangrove Social\u2013Ecological System Governance in Southeastern Cuba. Water, 16.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202407.0444.v1"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Esteve-Volart, B. (2004). Gender Discrimination and Growth: Theory and Evidence from India, London School of Economics and Political Science."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reyes, G.E. (2011). Centro urbanos de Am\u00e9rica Latina 1997, 2006: Disparidades Salariales Seg\u00fan G\u00e9nero y Crecimiento Econ\u00f3mico. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, (131.132), Universidad Nuestra Se\u00f1ora del Rosario.","DOI":"10.15517\/rcs.v0i131-132.3899"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1177\/0011392120931148","article-title":"Social theory anew: From contesting modernity to revisiting ou conceptual toolbox\u2014The case of individualization","volume":"69","author":"Araujo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"ANAM\u2013OIMT (2024, October 23). Proyecto de Conservaci\u00f3n y Repoblaci\u00f3n de \u00c1reas Amenazadas del Bosque de Manglar del Pac\u00edfico Paname\u00f1o; CONFOREC, S.A. Rep\u00fablica de Panam\u00e1, Available online: https:\/\/www.itto.int\/files\/itto_project_db_input\/2457\/Technical\/Informe%20de%20Plan%20de%20Manejo_Version%202.pdf."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"ONU (2017, January 18\u201320). El papel de la econom\u00eda y el comercio de servicios en la transformaci\u00f3n estructural y el desarrollo inclusivo. Proceedings of the Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo. Reuni\u00f3n multianual de Expertos sobre Comercio, Servicios y Desarrollo, Quinto Per\u00edodo de Sesiones, Ginebra, Switzerland."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez, J. (2019). Recursos Naturales, Medio Ambiente y Sostenibilidad: 70 A\u00f1os de Pensamiento de la CEPAL, Comisi\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica para Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). Libros de la CEPAL, N\u00b0 158 (LC\/PUB.2019\/18-P)."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25329","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-32792-2","article-title":"Human intervention caused massive destruction of the second largest mangrove forest, Chakaria Sundarbans, Bangladesh","volume":"31","author":"Hasan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-021-01608-9","article-title":"2022. Community perceptions of long-term mangrove cover changes and its drivers from a typhoon-prone province in the Philippines","volume":"51","author":"Quevedo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1080\/26395916.2022.2032358","article-title":"Fostering a Participatory Process for Ecological Restoration of Mangroves in Pantanos de Centla Biosphere Reserve (Tabasco, Mexico)","volume":"18","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecosyst. People"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Teutli-Hern\u00e1ndez, C., Herrera-Silveira, J.A., Cisneros-de la Cruz, D.J., and y Roman-Cuesta, R. (2020). Gu\u00eda Para la Restauraci\u00f3n Ecol\u00f3gica de Manglares: Lecciones Aprendidas. Proyecto Mainstreaming Wetland into the Climate Agenda: A Multi-Level Approach (SWAMP), CIFOR\/CINVESTAV-IPN\/UNAM-Sisal\/PMC. Available online: https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/Books\/2020-Guia-SWAMP.pdf."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2021.119414","article-title":"Mangrove restoration in Colombia: Trends and lessons learned","volume":"496","author":"Tabera","year":"2021","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Herrera-Silveira, J.A., Teutli-Hern\u00e1ndez, C., Cinco-Castro, S., Ramirez-Ramirez, J., Carrillo Baeza, L., Pech-Poot, E., P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00ednez, O., Zenteno-D\u00edaz, K., Erosa-Angulo, J., and Us-Balam, H. (2024, October 23). Red Multi-Institucional. Programa Regional para la Caracterizaci\u00f3n y el Monitoreo de Ecosistemas de Manglar del Golfo de M\u00e9xico y Caribe Mexicano: Pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n. Segunda Etapa. Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados-M\u00e9rida. Ecosistemas Costeros de la Pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n, Available online: http:\/\/www.conabio.gob.mx\/institucion\/proyectos\/resultados\/InfFN009.pdf."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Vilela, J.J. (2020). Sensibilizaci\u00f3n Sobre la Importancia del Manejo de Desechos de Estopa de Cocotero Frente al Cambio Clim\u00e1tico. Caso de Estudio Manglar de la REMACAM, en las Comunidades Pampanal de Bolivar y Tambillo, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, FLACSO."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaeffer-Novelli, Y., Spalding, M., Vander-Stocken, T., Wodehouse, D., Yong, J.W.H., Zimmer, M., and Friess, D.A. (2020). Public Perceptions of Mangrove Forests Matter for Their Conservation. Front. Mar. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.603651"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12074","article-title":"Coastal ecosystems: A critical element of risk reduction","volume":"7","author":"Spalding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Conserv. Lett."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Carvajal, R., and Santill\u00e1n, X. (2019). Plan de Acci\u00f3n Nacional Para la Conservaci\u00f3n de los Manglares del Ecuador Continental. Ministerio de Ambiente de Ecuador, Conservaci\u00f3n Internacional Ecuador, Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas para la Educaci\u00f3n, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) y la Comisi\u00f3n Permanente del Pac\u00edfico Sur (CPPS), Proyecto Conservaci\u00f3n de Manglar en el Pac\u00edfico Este Tropical."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macamo, C.C.F., In\u00e1ciode Costa, F., Bandeira, S., Adams, J.B., and Balidy, H.J. (2024). Mangrove community-based management in Eastern Africa: Experiences from rural Mozambique. Front. Mar. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1337678"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Ponce de Le\u00f3n, E. (2000). Experiencias de restauraci\u00f3n en el Proyecto Manglares de Colombia, Mem.Sem.Sem.Nal de Restauraci\u00f3n Ecol\u00f3gica y Reforestaci\u00f3n, FAAE\/FESCOL\/FNA\/GTZ."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Grosso-Vargas, J., S\u00e1nchez-Arias, L., and Restrepo, R. (1995). y Avenda\u00f1o, D. Control de la Salinidad en Efluentes L\u00edquidos en Campos de Producci\u00f3n de Petr\u00f3leo Mediante la Utilizaci\u00f3n de Manglares (R. mangle, L. racemosa y A. germinans), ICP-ECOPETROL\/BIOSFERA."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1111\/rec.12486","article-title":"A proposed framework for participatory forest restoration in semiarid areas of North Africa","volume":"26","author":"Derak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Restor. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10745-020-00178-w","article-title":"Social participation in forest restoration projects: Insights from a national assessment in Mexico","volume":"48","author":"Ceccon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-020-01107-4","article-title":"Scientific and local ecological knowledge, shaping perceptions towards protected areas and related ecosystem services","volume":"35","author":"Filyushkina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Landsc. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Bray, D., and Merino-P\u00e9rez, L. (2002). The Rise of Community Forestry in Mexico: History, Concepts, and Lessons Learned from Twenty-Five Years of Community Timber Production, The Ford Foundation. A Report in partial fulfillment of Grant No. 1010-0595."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhowmik, A.K., Padmanaban, R., Cabral, P., and Romeiras, M.M. (2022). Global Mangrove Deforestation and Its Interacting Social-Ecological Drivers: A Systematic Review and Synthesis. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202203.0052.v1"}],"container-title":["Land"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-445X\/13\/11\/1783\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:23:57Z","timestamp":1760113437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-445X\/13\/11\/1783"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["land13111783"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/land13111783","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-445X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]}}}