{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T05:02:06Z","timestamp":1775192526730,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["PTDC\/LLT-LIN\/29338\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/LLT-LIN\/29338\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/00214\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00214\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["PTDC\/LLT-LIN\/1115\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/LLT-LIN\/1115\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["PTDC\/LLT-LIN\/29338\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/LLT-LIN\/29338\/2017"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund from the EU, Portugal 2020 and Lisboa 2020","award":["PTDC\/LLT-LIN\/29338\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/LLT-LIN\/29338\/2017"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund from the EU, Portugal 2020 and Lisboa 2020","award":["UIDB\/00214\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00214\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund from the EU, Portugal 2020 and Lisboa 2020","award":["PTDC\/LLT-LIN\/1115\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/LLT-LIN\/1115\/2021"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund from the EU, Portugal 2020 and Lisboa 2020","award":["PTDC\/LLT-LIN\/29338\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/LLT-LIN\/29338\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Languages"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prosody is known to scaffold the learning of language, and thus understanding prosodic development is vital for language acquisition. The present study explored the unfolding prosody model of prosodic development (proposed in Frota\u2019s et al. study in 2016) beyond early production data, to examine whether it predicted the development of early segmentation abilities. European Portuguese-learning infants aged between 5 and 17 months were tested in a series of word segmentation experiments. Developing prosodic structure was evidenced in word segmentation as proposed by the unfolding model: (i) a simple monosyllabic word shape crucially placed at a major prosodic edge was segmented first, before more complex word shapes under similar prosodic conditions; (ii) the segmentation of more complex words was easier at a major prosodic edge than in phrase-medial position; and (iii) the segmentation of complex words with an iambic pattern preceded the segmentation of words with a trochaic pattern. These findings demonstrated that word segmentation evolved with unfolding prosody, suggesting that the prosodic units developed in the unfolding process are used both as speech production planning units and to extract word-forms from continuous speech. Therefore, our study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying word segmentation, and to a better understanding of early prosodic development, a cornerstone of language acquisition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/languages9090305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T08:12:27Z","timestamp":1726733547000},"page":"305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Unfolding Prosody Guides the Development of Word Segmentation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6102-0772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Frota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Linguistics, School of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon, 1600-214 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8376-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Severino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Linguistics, School of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon, 1600-214 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7640-4798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Vig\u00e1rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Linguistics, School of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon, 1600-214 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000904006592","article-title":"The relationship between prosodic and syntactic organization in early multiword speech","volume":"32","author":"Behrens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Child Language"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1080\/10407413.2016.1230372","article-title":"Articulating what infants attune to in native speech","volume":"28","author":"Best","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecological Psychology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00106","article-title":"Rapid gains in segmenting fluent speech when words match the rhythmic unit: Evidence from infants acquiring syllable-timed languages","volume":"4","author":"Bosch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1017\/S030500090000341X","article-title":"Timing in late babbling","volume":"8","author":"Bacri","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Child Language"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00168","article-title":"Exploring the Role of Stress in Bayesian Word Segmentation using Adaptor Grammars","volume":"2","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000918000181","article-title":"Emerging word segmentation abilities in European Portuguese-learning infants: New evidence for the rhythmic unit and the edge factor","volume":"45","author":"Butler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Child Language"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Aoju, Esteve-Gibert, N\u00faria, Prieto, Pilar, and Redford, Melissa A. 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