{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T17:48:03Z","timestamp":1776016083948,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The association between modifiable risk factors and caries in children has been documented; however, most studies have been cross-sectional and have not considered the complexity of dietary factors and oral health habits. This study aimed to investigate the prospective association between dietary patterns and oral health behaviours at 4 years of age and the development of new decayed, missing, and filled teeth (d3\u20136mft\/D3\u20136MFT) over a period of three years. Participants were children from the Generation XXI population-based birth cohort. At 4 years of age, diet patterns were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, with three dietary patterns being identified. For the purpose of capturing the new development of caries between 4 and 7 years of age, two dental outcomes were defined in the mixed dentition: \u201cdental caries development\u201d and \u201csevere dental caries development\u201d in the mixed dentition. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used. From 4 to 7 years of age, 51.2% of the children had at least one new d3\u20136mft\/D3\u20136MFT and 27.4% had more than two new d3\u20136mft\/D3\u20136MFT. Children belonging to the \u201cenergy-dense foods\u201d (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.20\u20134.00) and \u201csnacking\u201d (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.41\u20133.41) dietary patterns at 4 years old were associated with severe dental caries development three years later. Preventive strategies should be implemented in an attempt to reduce snacking and the consumption of energy-dense, micronutrient-poor foods to promote children\u2019s oral health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11070609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T11:01:38Z","timestamp":1624532498000},"page":"609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Dietary Patterns and Oral Health Behaviours Associated with Caries Development from 4 to 7 Years of Age"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5274-1615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Carvalho Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto (U. Porto), Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 93, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2430-1241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Gavinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1944-0140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Vilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7640-6993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1774-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Manso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Environmental and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), Universidade Fernando Pessoa Energy, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV\/REQUIMTE), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5787-4871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milton","family":"Severo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1524-852X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3590-4926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto (U. Porto), Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 93, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515573272","article-title":"Global burden of untreated caries: A systematic review and metaregression","volume":"94","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dent. 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