{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:45:29Z","timestamp":1762325129678,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/98266\/2013","SFRH\/BD\/131465\/2017","SFRH\/ BD\/139763\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/98266\/2013","SFRH\/BD\/131465\/2017","SFRH\/ BD\/139763\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and by the European Social Fund (ESF)","award":["ValorMar (24517, 10\/SI\/2016 - Mobilizing R&TD Programs, Portugal 2020)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ValorMar (24517, 10\/SI\/2016 - Mobilizing R&TD Programs, Portugal 2020)"]}]},{"name":"Integrated Programme of SR&amp;TD","award":["\u201cSmartBioR\u201d (reference Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cSmartBioR\u201d (reference Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Argan oil is rich in long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (FA), mostly oleic and linoleic, and natural antioxidants. This study addresses the production of low-calorie structured lipids by acidolysis reaction, in a solvent-free system, between caprylic (C8:0; system I) or capric (C10:0; system II) acids and argan oil, used as triacylglycerol (TAG) source. Three commercial immobilized lipases were tested: Novozym\u00ae 435, Lipozyme\u00ae TL IM, and Lipozyme\u00ae RM IM. Higher incorporation degree (ID) was achieved when C10:0 was used as acyl donor, for all the lipases tested. Lipozyme\u00ae RM IM yielded the highest ID for both systems (28.9 \u00b1 0.05 mol.% C10:0, and 11.4 \u00b1 2.2 mol.% C8:0), being the only catalyst able to incorporate C8:0 under the reaction conditions for biocatalyst screening (molar ratio 2:1 FA\/TAG and 55 \u00b0C). The optimal conditions for Lipozyme\u00ae RM IM in system II were found by response surface methodology (66 \u00b0C; molar ratio FA\/TAG of 4:1), enabling to reach an ID of 40.9 mol.% of C10:0. Operational stability of Lipozyme\u00ae RM IM in system II was also evaluated under optimal conditions, after eight consecutive 24 h-batches, with biocatalyst rehydration between cycles. The biocatalyst presented a half-life time of 103 h.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11111114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T21:29:46Z","timestamp":1634765386000},"page":"1114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Argan Oil as a Rich Source of Linoleic Fatty Acid for Dietetic Structured Lipids Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6107-9790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9887-1864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco F. L.","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8561-6848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Augusto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"},{"name":"CDRSP-Center for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana F. J.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3655-8201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzana","family":"Ferreira-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2423-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Tecel\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal"},{"name":"LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2013.12.021","article-title":"The effect of natural and synthetic fatty acids on membrane structure, microdomain organization, cellular functions and human health","volume":"1838","author":"Ibarguren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. 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