{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T17:35:40Z","timestamp":1773855340877,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The production of cupped oysters is an important component of European aquaculture. Most of the production relies on the cultivation of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, although the Portuguese oyster Crassostrea angulata represents a valuable product with both cultural and economic relevance, especially in Portugal. The authors of the present study investigated the genetic diversity of Portuguese oyster populations of the Sado estuary, both from natural oyster beds and aquaculture facilities, through cox1 gene fragment sequencing. Then, a comparison with a wide dataset of cupped oyster sequences obtained from GenBank (up to now the widest available dataset in literature for the Portuguese oyster) was performed. Genetic data obtained from this work confirmed that the Pacific oyster does not occur in the natural oyster beds of the Sado estuary but showed that the species occasionally occurs in the oyster hatcheries. Moreover, the results showed that despite the founder effect and the bottleneck events that the Sado populations have experienced, they still exhibit high haplotype diversity. Risks are arising for the conservation of the Portuguese oyster reference populations of the Sado estuary due to the occurrence of the Pacific oyster in the local hatcheries. Therefore, researchers, local authorities, and oyster producers should work together to avoid the loss of this valuable resource.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11111173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T21:57:49Z","timestamp":1635976669000},"page":"1173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["One in a Million: Genetic Diversity and Conservation of the Reference Crassostrea angulata Population in Europe from the Sado Estuary (Portugal)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Stefania","family":"Chiesa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca\u2019 Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy"},{"name":"ISPRA\u2014The Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, 00144 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5051-610X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livia","family":"Lucentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3539-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Chainho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"ESTSetubal-CINEA, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Estefanilha, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5920-7557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Plazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"Maria Manuel","family":"Ang\u00e9lico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sea and Marine Resources, IPMA\u2014Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Ruano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sea and Marine Resources, IPMA\u2014Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4900-3897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Lino","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"EUMOFA (2021, January 10). 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