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Therefore, this study aimed to find optimal conditions, in terms of temperature (15\u201325 \u00b0C), pH (6.5\u20139.5), and NaCl concentration (10\u201340 g\u00b7L\u22121), using as objective functions the productivities of biomass, total carotenoids, total PBPs, phycocyanin (PC), allophycocyanin (APC), phycoerythrin (PE), and antioxidants (AOXs) capacity of Synechocystis salina (S. salina) strain LEGE 06155, based in factorial design resorting to Box-Behnken. The model predicted higher biomass productivities under a temperature of 25 \u00b0C, a pH of 7.5, and low NaCl concentrations (10 g\u00b7L\u22121). Maximum productivities in terms of bioactive compounds were attained at lower NaCl concentrations (10 g\u00b7L\u22121) (except for PE), with the best temperature and pH in terms of carotenoids and total and individual PBPs ranging from 23\u201325 \u00b0C to 7.5\u20139.5, respectively. PE was the only pigment for which the best productivity was reached at a lower temperature (15 \u00b0C) and pH (6.5) and a higher concentration of NaCl (\u224825 g\u00b7L\u22121). AOX productivities, determined in both ethanolic and aqueous extracts, were positively influenced by lower temperatures (15\u201319 \u00b0C) and higher salinities (\u224815\u201325 g\u00b7L\u22121). However, ethanolic AOXs were better recovered at a higher pH (pH \u2248 9.5), while aqueous AOXs were favored by a pH of 8. The model showed that biomass production can be enhanced by 175% (compared to non-optimized conditions), total carotenoids by 91%, PC by 13%, APC by 50%, PE by 130%, and total PBPs by 39%; for AOX productivities, only water extracts exhibited a (marginal) improvement of 1.4%. This study provided insightful information for the eventual upgrading of Synechocystis salina biomass in the biotechnological market.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T04:42:17Z","timestamp":1673239337000},"page":"187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of Temperature, pH, and NaCl Concentration on Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Synechocystis salina"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1379-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR-CIMAR-LA\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Ed\u00edficio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos, s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2832-0543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena M.","family":"Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR-CIMAR-LA\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Ed\u00edficio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos, s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F. Xavier","family":"Malcata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FEUP\u2014Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9181-512X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Catarina","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR-CIMAR-LA\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Ed\u00edficio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos, s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4931","DOI":"10.1111\/are.15996","article-title":"Current advances in phytoremediation and biochemical composition of Arthrospira (Spirulina) grown in aquaculture wastewater","volume":"53","author":"Cardoso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashour, M., Alprol, A.E., Heneash, A.M.M., Saleh, H., Abualnaja, K.M., Alhashmialameer, D., and Mansour, A.T. (2021). Ammonia bioremediation from aquaculture wastewater effluents using arthrospira platensis niof17\/003: Impact of biodiesel residue and potential of ammonia-loaded biomass as rotifer feed. 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