{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:59:28Z","timestamp":1760144368139,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["PD\/BD\/128276\/2017","COVID\/BD\/151617\/2021","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/04050\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128276\/2017","COVID\/BD\/151617\/2021","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/04050\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Production Chains\u2014from fork to farm","award":["PD\/BD\/128276\/2017","COVID\/BD\/151617\/2021","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/04050\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128276\/2017","COVID\/BD\/151617\/2021","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/04050\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CITAB research unit","award":["PD\/BD\/128276\/2017","COVID\/BD\/151617\/2021","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/04050\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128276\/2017","COVID\/BD\/151617\/2021","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/04050\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds","award":["PD\/BD\/128276\/2017","COVID\/BD\/151617\/2021","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/04050\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128276\/2017","COVID\/BD\/151617\/2021","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/04050\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Propolis, a bee product, is known for its variability of chemical and bioactive profiles. However, Portuguese propolis from Ger\u00eas, normally obtained by mixing propolis from three places\u2014Bugalho, Felgueiras and Toutelo\u2014has shown similar chemical and biological profiles over the years. Recently, a new propolis place\u2014Roca\u2014was added to the apiary to replace Bugalho, lost to the 2017 wildfires, hence questioning the previously claimed constancy of Ger\u00eas propolis. To unravel to what extent the beehive relocation affected this constancy, we studied different Ger\u00eas propolis samples collected in three consecutive years (2017\u20132019) composed of different combinations of source places. Two honey samples, collected before (2017) and after (2018) the occurrence of the wildfire, were also investigated. Total phenolics, flavonoids and ortho-diphenols contents were determined and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated, using the DPPH assay and the agar dilution method, respectively. Although both antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were generally in the ranges usually obtained from Ger\u00eas propolis, some variations were detected for the samples, with different compositions when compared to previous years. This work reinforces the importance of the consistency of a combination of several factors for the protection and preservation of the flora near the hives, providing bee products with more constant chemical and biological profiles over the years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14040506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T11:53:53Z","timestamp":1713182033000},"page":"506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Further Insights on Honey and Propolis from Ger\u00eas (Portugal) and Their Bioactivities: Unraveling the Impact of Beehive Relocation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9852-8350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CITAB\u2014Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Minho, <i>Campus<\/i> de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, <i>Campus<\/i> de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"CBMA\u2014Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, <i>Campus<\/i> de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3989-8925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, <i>Campus<\/i> de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"CBMA\u2014Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, <i>Campus<\/i> de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8223-8634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Almeida-Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, <i>Campus<\/i> de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"CBMA\u2014Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, <i>Campus<\/i> de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/0005772X.1979.11097738","article-title":"Propolis: A review","volume":"60","author":"Ghisalberti","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bee World"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(97)00145-2","article-title":"Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis)","volume":"36","author":"Burdock","year":"1998","journal-title":"Food Chem. 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