{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:51:17Z","timestamp":1760057477881,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","UIDB\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","2020.07999.BD","2023.01329.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","UIDB\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","2020.07999.BD","2023.01329.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the impact of a Western diet and resistance training on cardiac remodeling in a rat model of chemically induced mammary cancer. Fifty-six female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of eight experimental groups, evaluating the impact of Western and standard diets, exercise and sedentarism, and the induction of mammary cancer. Mammary cancer was induced via the intraperitoneal administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) (50 mg\/kg) at seven weeks of age. The resistance training protocol consisted of ladder climbing three times per week for an 18-week period, with a gradual increase in load over time. At the end of the 20-week experimental period, the animals were anesthetized and underwent echocardiography. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized, and organs and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were collected and analyzed. A histopathological examination was performed on the mammary tumors. The Western diet increased relative VAT and contributed to cardiovascular and tumor-related changes, including an increase in interventricular septum thickness (IVS) and left ventricle posterior wall thickness (LVPW) at end-systole. Exercise reduced fat accumulation, improved cardiac performance, and helped regulate cardiovascular function, as indicated by a higher eccentricity index (EI) in the WD+EX group compared to the WD group. The WD was associated with increased VAT accumulation and initially delayed tumor initiation; however, over time, it contributed to bigger tumor aggressiveness. This diet also delayed tumor initiation but increased LVPW. Exercise, when combined with a WD, accelerated tumorigenesis, malignant transformation and invasiveness, resulted in the higher prevalence of invasive tumors. These findings underscore the complex and potentially compounding effects of diet and exercise on cancer progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15020250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T09:54:38Z","timestamp":1738835678000},"page":"250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of a Western Diet and Resistance Training in a Rat Model of Mammary Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7698-1595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3030-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science-AL4AnimalS, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Associated Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Inland Regions (SusTEC), Polytechnique Institute of Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6872-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1464-8700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Neuparth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports\u2014University of Porto (FADEUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1912-1457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Seixas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science-AL4AnimalS, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Ginja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science-AL4AnimalS, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5572-6317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana I.","family":"Faustino-Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), University of \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alberto","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences\u2014CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9519-4044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula A.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO Global Cancer Observatory (2022). World Cancer Report: International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO Global Cancer Observatory."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiggs, M.P., Beaudry, A.G., and Law, M.L. (2022). Cardiac Remodeling in Cancer-Induced Cachexia: Functional, Structural, and Metabolic Contributors. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11121931"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherukuri, S.P., Chikatimalla, R., Dasaradhan, T., Koneti, J., Gadde, S., and Kalluru, R. (2022). Breast Cancer and the Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Cureus, 14.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27917"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalczyk, P., Sulejczak, D., Kleczkowska, P., Bukowska-O\u015bko, I., Kucia, M., Popiel, M., Wietrak, E., Kramkowski, K., Wrzosek, K., and Kaczy\u0144ska, K. (2021). Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress\u2014A Causative Factor and Therapeutic Target in Many Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413384"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-020-00742-0","article-title":"The Molecular Mechanisms Associated with the Physiological Responses to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Zhazykbayeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2024.01.004","article-title":"Lifestyle Factors and Cancer: A Narrative Review","volume":"8","author":"Sharman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc. Innov. Qual. Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-0741-x","article-title":"Combined Lifestyle Factors, Incident Cancer, and Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.81.2.341","article-title":"Origins and Evolution of the Western Diet: Health Implications for the 21st Century","volume":"81","author":"Cordain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemente-Su\u00e1rez, V.J., Beltr\u00e1n-Velasco, A.I., Redondo-Fl\u00f3rez, L., Mart\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez, A., and Tornero-Aguilera, J.F. (2023). Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15122749"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Statovci, D., Aguilera, M., MacSharry, J., and Melgar, S. (2017). The Impact of Western Diet and Nutrients on the Microbiota and Immune Response at Mucosal Interfaces. Front. Immunol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00838"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2023.1222-1230","article-title":"Realistic Aspects behind the Application of the Rat Model of Chemically-Induced Mammary Cancer: Practical Guidelines to Obtain the Best Results","volume":"16","author":"Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Silva, J., Azevedo, T., Aires, I., Medeiros, C., Neuparth, M.J., Seixas, F., Ferreira, R., Faustino-Rocha, A.I., Oliveira, P.A., and Duarte, J.A. (2025). Effects of Ladder-Climbing Exercise Training on Mammary Cancer: Data from a Rat Model Chemically-Induced, submitted."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2016-0436","article-title":"Resistance Exercise Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Stress, Systemic pro-Inflammatory State, and Cachexia in Walker-256 Tumor-Bearing Rats","volume":"42","author":"Padilha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"2326","article-title":"Glucose-Lowering Effect of Xoconostle (Opuntia Joconostle A. Web., Cactaceae) in Diabetic Rats","volume":"4","author":"Paiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139687","article-title":"Kinetics and Metabolism of Mercury in Rats Fed With Mercury Contaminated Rice Using Mass Balance and Mercury Isotope Approach","volume":"736","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, J., Azevedo, T., Ginja, M., Oliveira, P.A., Duarte, J.A., and Faustino-Rocha, A.I. (2024). Realistic Aspects of Cardiac Ultrasound in Rats: Practical Tips for Improved Examination. J. Imaging, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging10090219"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21565","article-title":"Dimethylaminoparthenolide Reduces the Incidence of Dysplasia and Ameliorates a Wasting Syndrome in HPV16-Transgenic Mice","volume":"80","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026443305758","article-title":"Atlas and Histologic Classification of Tumors of the Rat Mammary Gland","volume":"5","author":"Russo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Mammary Gland. Biol. Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Law, M.L. (2022). Cancer Cachexia: Pathophysiology and Association with Cancer-Related Pain. Front. Pain. Res., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2022.971295"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5597","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S261585","article-title":"Cancer Cachexia: Definition, Staging, and Emerging Treatments","volume":"12","author":"Ni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677213488103","article-title":"Food and Water Intake, Growth, and Adiposity of Sprague-Dawley Rats with Diet Board for 24 Months","volume":"47","author":"Laaksonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120143","article-title":"Effect of Resistance Training on Osteopenic Rat Bones in Neonatal Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes: Analysis of GLUT4 Content and Biochemical, Biomechanical, Densitometric, and Microstructural Evaluation","volume":"287","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120058","article-title":"Resistance Exercise Shifts the Balance of Renin-Angiotensin System toward ACE2\/Ang 1-7 Axis and Reduces Inflammation in the Kidney of Diabetic Rats","volume":"287","author":"Guzzoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-016-0703-7","article-title":"Effect of Resistance Exercise Training on Expression of Hsp70 and Inflammatory Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue of STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats","volume":"21","author":"Shamsi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stress. Chaperones"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00004","article-title":"Dynamic, Not Isometric Resistance Training Improves Muscle Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Hypertrophy in Rats","volume":"10","author":"Neves","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"3274","article-title":"Postsynaptic Cleft Density Changes with Combined Exercise Protocols in an Experimental Model of Muscular Hypertrophy","volume":"65","author":"Rocha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Histochem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2020.03.002","article-title":"Resistance Training Decreases Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activity in Quadriceps Tendon in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Vasilceac","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03929-9","article-title":"Western Diet Leads to Aging-Related Tumorigenesis via Activation of the Inflammatory, UPR, and EMT Pathways","volume":"12","author":"Ochioni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"360257","article-title":"Physical Activity Plays an Important Role in Body Weight Regulation","volume":"2011","author":"Chaput","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2009-0285","article-title":"Obesity and Cancer","volume":"15","author":"Wolin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-019-00280-6","article-title":"The Obesity Paradox in Cancer: Epidemiologic Insights and Perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Nutr. Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-016-0539-4","article-title":"The Obesity Paradox in Cancer: A Review","volume":"18","author":"Lennon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23048","article-title":"Obesity and Cancer: A Mechanistic Overview of Metabolic Changes in Obesity That Impact Genetic Instability","volume":"58","author":"Kompella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2010.11.004","article-title":"Role of Obesity-Associated Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue in Cancer: A Molecular Nutrition Approach","volume":"1807","author":"Bustos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McIntosh, M.C., Anglin, D.A., Robinson, A.T., Beck, D.T., and Roberts, M.D. (2024). Making the Case for Resistance Training in Improving Vascular Function and Skeletal Muscle Capillarization. Front. Physiol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1338507"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02119-3","article-title":"Altered Metabolism in Cancer: Insights into Energy Pathways and Therapeutic Targets","volume":"23","author":"Tufail","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00698-6","article-title":"Cardio-Onco-Metabolism: Metabolic Remodelling in Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Karlstaedt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2022.10.009","article-title":"Western Diet Causes Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Metabolic Shifts After Diastolic Dysfunction and Novel Cardiac Lipid Derangements","volume":"8","author":"Maurya","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Basic. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.06.085","article-title":"Review of Exercise Intervention Studies in Cancer Patients","volume":"23","author":"Newton","year":"2005","journal-title":"JCO J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.584060","article-title":"Resistance Exercise Training","volume":"113","author":"Braith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122128","article-title":"Resistance Exercise Training Benefits Pulmonary, Cardiac, and Muscular Structure and Function in Rats with Stable Pulmonary Artery Hypertension","volume":"332","author":"Soares","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-013-2808-3","article-title":"The Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Outcomes before, during, and after Treatment for Breast Cancer","volume":"143","author":"Sturgeon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/2\/250\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:28:11Z","timestamp":1760027291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/2\/250"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["life15020250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life15020250","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-1729"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]}}}